2ks1: Difference between revisions

==Disease==

[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ERBB2_HUMAN ERBB2_HUMAN]] Defects in ERBB2 are a cause of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/137215 137215]]. A cancer predisposition syndrome with increased susceptibility to diffuse gastric cancer. Diffuse gastric cancer is a malignant disease characterized by poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions resulting in thickening of the stomach. Malignant tumors start in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body.  Defects in ERBB2 are involved in the development of glioma (GLM) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas.  Defects in ERBB2 are a cause of susceptibility to ovarian cancer (OC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/167000 167000]]. Ovarian cancer common malignancy originating from ovarian tissue. Although many histologic types of ovarian neoplasms have been described, epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most common form. Ovarian cancers are often asymptomatic and the recognized signs and symptoms, even of late-stage disease, are vague. Consequently, most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease.  Defects in ERBB2 may be a cause of lung cancer (LNCR) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/211980 211980]]. LNCR is a common malignancy affecting tissues of the lung. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be divided into 3 major histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer. NSCLC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.  Defects in ERBB2 are a cause of gastric cancer (GASC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613659 613659]]. A malignant disease which starts in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. The term gastric cancer or gastric carcinoma refers to adenocarcinoma of the stomach that accounts for most of all gastric malignant tumors. Two main histologic types are recognized, diffuse type and intestinal type carcinomas. Diffuse tumors are poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions resulting in thickening of the stomach. In contrast, intestinal tumors are usually exophytic, often ulcerating, and associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, most often observed in sporadic disease.  Note=Chromosomal aberrations involving ERBB2 may be a cause gastric cancer. Deletions within 17q12 region producing fusion transcripts with CDK12, leading to CDK12-ERBB2 fusion leading to truncated CDK12 protein not in-frame with ERBB2. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGFR_HUMAN EGFR_HUMAN]] Defects in EGFR are associated with lung cancer (LNCR) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/211980 211980]]. LNCR is a common malignancy affecting tissues of the lung. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be divided into 3 major histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer. NSCLC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis.

 

==Function==

[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ERBB2_HUMAN ERBB2_HUMAN]] Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization.<ref>PMID:10358079</ref><ref>PMID:15380516</ref><ref>PMID:16794579</ref><ref>PMID:19372587</ref><ref>PMID:20937854</ref><ref>PMID:21555369</ref> In the nucleus is involved in transcriptional regulation. Associates with the 5'-TCAAATTC-3' sequence in the PTGS2/COX-2 promoter and activates its transcription. Implicated in transcriptional activation of CDKN1A; the function involves STAT3 and SRC. Involved in the transcription of rRNA genes by RNA Pol I and enhances protein synthesis and cell growth.<ref>PMID:10358079</ref><ref>PMID:15380516</ref><ref>PMID:16794579</ref><ref>PMID:19372587</ref><ref>PMID:20937854</ref><ref>PMID:21555369</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EGFR_HUMAN EGFR_HUMAN]] Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin.<ref>PMID:7657591</ref><ref>PMID:11602604</ref><ref>PMID:12873986</ref><ref>PMID:10805725</ref><ref>PMID:11116146</ref><ref>PMID:11483589</ref><ref>PMID:17115032</ref><ref>PMID:21258366</ref><ref>PMID:12297050</ref><ref>PMID:12620237</ref><ref>PMID:15374980</ref><ref>PMID:19560417</ref><ref>PMID:20837704</ref>  Isoform 2 may act as an antagonist of EGF action.<ref>PMID:7657591</ref><ref>PMID:11602604</ref><ref>PMID:12873986</ref><ref>PMID:10805725</ref><ref>PMID:11116146</ref><ref>PMID:11483589</ref><ref>PMID:17115032</ref><ref>PMID:21258366</ref><ref>PMID:12297050</ref><ref>PMID:12620237</ref><ref>PMID:15374980</ref><ref>PMID:19560417</ref><ref>PMID:20837704</ref>

 

[[2ks1]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2KS1 OCA].  

*[[Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor|Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor]]

 

==Reference==

<ref group="xtra">PMID:020471394</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>

[[Category: Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase]]

[[Category: Arseniev, A S.]]

[[Category: Bocharov, E V.]]

[[Category: Bocharova, O V.]]

[[Category: Chupin, V V.]]

[[Category: Mineev, K S.]]

[[Category: Pustovalova, Y E.]]

[[Category: Tyrosine kinase receptor]]