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[[Image:1lcf.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="1lcf" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
caption="1lcf, resolution 2.0&Aring;" />
'''CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF COPPER-AND OXALATE-SUBSTITUTED HUMAN LACTOFERRIN AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION'''<br />


==Overview==
==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF COPPER-AND OXALATE-SUBSTITUTED HUMAN LACTOFERRIN AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION==
The three-dimensional structure of human dicupric monooxalate lactoferrin, Cu(2)oxLf, has been determined to 2.0 A resolution, using X-ray diffraction data collected by diffractometry to 2.5 A resolution, and oscillation photography on a synchrotron source to 2.0 A resolution. Difference electron-density maps calculated between Cu(2)oxLf and both dicupric lactoferrin, Cu(2)Lf, and diferric lactoferrin, Fe(2)Lf, showed that the oxalate had replaced a carbonate in the C-terminal binding site, and that, relative to Cu(2)Lf, there were no significant differences in the N-terminal site. The structure was then refined crystallographically by restrained least-squares methods. The final model, in which the r.m.s. deviation in bond distances is 0.017 A, contains 5314 protein atoms (691 residues), two Cu(2+) ions, one bicarbonate ion, one oxalate ion, 325 solvent molecules and one sugar residue. The crystallographic R factor of 0.193 is for 46 134 reflections in the range 8.0 to 2.0 A resolution. The oxalate ion is coordinated to copper in a 1,2-bidentate fashion, and the added bulk of the anion results in the rearrangement of the side chains of nearby arginine and tyrosine residues. No other major alterations in the molecule can be observed, the overall protein structure being the same as that for Cu(2)Lf and Fe(2)Lf.
<StructureSection load='1lcf' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1lcf]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1lcf]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1LCF OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1LCF FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CO3:CARBONATE+ION'>CO3</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CU:COPPER+(II)+ION'>CU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=OXL:OXALATE+ION'>OXL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1lcf FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1lcf OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1lcf PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1lcf RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1lcf PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1lcf ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRFL_HUMAN TRFL_HUMAN] Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate.<ref>PMID:12535064</ref> <ref>PMID:22320386</ref>  Lactotransferrin has antimicrobial activity which depends on the extracellular cation concentration.<ref>PMID:12535064</ref> <ref>PMID:22320386</ref>  Lactoferroxins A, B and C have opioid antagonist activity. Lactoferroxin A shows preference for mu-receptors, while lactoferroxin B and C have somewhat higher degrees of preference for kappa-receptors than for mu-receptors.<ref>PMID:12535064</ref> <ref>PMID:22320386</ref>  The lactotransferrin transferrin-like domain 1 functions as a serine protease of the peptidase S60 family that cuts arginine rich regions. This function contributes to the antimicrobial activity.<ref>PMID:12535064</ref> <ref>PMID:22320386</ref>  Isoform DeltaLf: transcription factor with antiproliferative properties and inducing cell cycle arrest. Binds to DeltaLf response element found in the SKP1, BAX, DCPS, and SELH promoters.<ref>PMID:12535064</ref> <ref>PMID:22320386</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/lc/1lcf_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1lcf ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>


==Disease==
==See Also==
Known disease associated with this structure: Deafness, autosomal dominant 1 OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=602121 602121]]
*[[Lactoferrin|Lactoferrin]]
 
== References ==
==About this Structure==
<references/>
1LCF is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] with <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CU:'>CU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CO3:'>CO3</scene> and <scene name='pdbligand=OXL:'>OXL</scene> as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1LCF OCA].
__TOC__
 
</StructureSection>
==Reference==
Structure of copper- and oxalate-substituted human lactoferrin at 2.0 A resolution., Smith CA, Anderson BF, Baker HM, Baker EN, Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 1994 May 1;50(Pt 3):302-16. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=15299444 15299444]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Anderson, B F.]]
[[Category: Anderson BF]]
[[Category: Baker, E N.]]
[[Category: Baker EN]]
[[Category: Baker, H M.]]
[[Category: Baker HM]]
[[Category: Smith, C A.]]
[[Category: Smith CA]]
[[Category: CO3]]
[[Category: CU]]
[[Category: NAG]]
[[Category: OXL]]
[[Category: iron transport]]
 
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