3rea: Difference between revisions

From Proteopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
==HIV-1 Nef protein in complex with engineered Hck-SH3 domain==
==HIV-1 Nef protein in complex with engineered Hck-SH3 domain==
<StructureSection load='3rea' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3rea]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='3rea' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3rea]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3rea]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiv-1_m:b_arv2/sf2 Hiv-1 m:b_arv2/sf2] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3REA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3REA FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3rea]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_M:B_ARV2/SF2 HIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3REA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3REA FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3reb|3reb]], [[3rbb|3rbb]], [[1efn|1efn]], [[1avz|1avz]], [[2nef|2nef]], [[1qa5|1qa5]]</td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HIV-1 Nef, nef ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=11685 HIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2]), HCK ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3rea FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3rea OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3rea PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3rea RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3rea PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3rea ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_protein-tyrosine_kinase Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.2 2.7.10.2] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3rea FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3rea OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3rea RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3rea PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HCK_HUMAN HCK_HUMAN]] Note=Aberrant activation of HCK by HIV-1 protein Nef enhances HIV-1 replication and contributes to HIV-1 pathogenicity.<ref>PMID:19114024</ref> <ref>PMID:20452982</ref>  Note=Aberrant activation of HCK, e.g. by the BCR-ABL fusion protein, promotes cancer cell proliferation.<ref>PMID:19114024</ref> <ref>PMID:20452982</ref> 
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NEF_HV1A2 NEF_HV1A2]] Factor of infectivity and pathogenicity, required for optimal virus replication. Alters numerous pathways of T-lymphocytes function and down-regulates immunity surface molecules in order to evade host defense and increase viral infectivity. Alters the functionality of other immunity cells, like dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells. One of the earliest and most abundantly expressed viral proteins (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  In infected CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, down-regulates the surface MHC-I, mature MHC-II, CD4, CD28, CCR5 and CXCR4 molecules. Mediates internalization and degradation of host CD4 through the interaction of with the cytoplasmic tail of CD4, the recruitment of AP-2 (clathrin adapter protein complex 2), internalization through clathrin coated pits, and subsequent transport to endosomes and lysosomes for degradation. Diverts host MHC-I molecules to the trans-Golgi network-associated endosomal compartments by an endocytic pathway to finally target them for degradation. MHC-I down-regulation may involve AP-1 (clathrin adapter protein complex 1) or possibly Src family kinase-ZAP70/Syk-PI3K cascade recruited by PACS2. In consequence infected cells are masked for immune recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Decreasing the number of immune receptors also prevents reinfection by more HIV particles (superinfection) (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  Bypasses host T-cell signaling by inducing a transcriptional program nearly identical to that of anti-CD3 cell activation. Interaction with TCR-zeta chain up-regulates the Fas ligand (FasL). Increasing surface FasL molecules and decreasing surface MHC-I molecules on infected CD4(+) cells send attacking cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes into apoptosis (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  Plays a role in optimizing the host cell environment for viral replication without causing cell death by apoptosis. Protects the infected cells from apoptosis in order to keep them alive until the next virus generation is ready to strike. Inhibits the Fas and TNFR-mediated death signals by blocking MAP3K5. Interacts and decreases the half-life of p53, protecting the infected cell against p53-mediated apoptosis. Inhibits the apoptotic signals regulated by the Bcl-2 family proteins through the formation of a Nef/PI3-kinase/PAK2 complex that leads to activation of PAK2 and induces phosphorylation of Bad (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  Extracellular Nef protein targets CD4(+) T-lymphocytes for apoptosis by interacting with CXCR4 surface receptors (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HCK_HUMAN HCK_HUMAN]] Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase found in hematopoietic cells that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate immune responses, including neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage and mast cell functions, phagocytosis, cell survival and proliferation, cell adhesion and migration. Acts downstream of receptors that bind the Fc region of immunoglobulins, such as FCGR1A and FCGR2A, but also CSF3R, PLAUR, the receptors for IFNG, IL2, IL6 and IL8, and integrins, such as ITGB1 and ITGB2. During the phagocytic process, mediates mobilization of secretory lysosomes, degranulation, and activation of NADPH oxidase to bring about the respiratory burst. Plays a role in the release of inflammatory molecules. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and actin polymerization, formation of podosomes and cell protrusions. Inhibits TP73-mediated transcription activation and TP73-mediated apoptosis. Phosphorylates CBL in response to activation of immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptors. Phosphorylates ADAM15, BCR, ELMO1, FCGR2A, GAB1, GAB2, RAPGEF1, STAT5B, TP73, VAV1 and WAS.<ref>PMID:8132624</ref> <ref>PMID:7535819</ref> <ref>PMID:9406996</ref> <ref>PMID:9407116</ref> <ref>PMID:10092522</ref> <ref>PMID:10779760</ref> <ref>PMID:10973280</ref> <ref>PMID:12411494</ref> <ref>PMID:11741929</ref> <ref>PMID:11904303</ref> <ref>PMID:11896602</ref> <ref>PMID:15010462</ref> <ref>PMID:15952790</ref> <ref>PMID:15998323</ref> <ref>PMID:17535448</ref> <ref>PMID:17310994</ref> <ref>PMID:19114024</ref> <ref>PMID:19903482</ref> <ref>PMID:20452982</ref> 
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NEF_HV1A2 NEF_HV1A2] Factor of infectivity and pathogenicity, required for optimal virus replication. Alters numerous pathways of T-lymphocytes function and down-regulates immunity surface molecules in order to evade host defense and increase viral infectivity. Alters the functionality of other immunity cells, like dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells. One of the earliest and most abundantly expressed viral proteins (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  In infected CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, down-regulates the surface MHC-I, mature MHC-II, CD4, CD28, CCR5 and CXCR4 molecules. Mediates internalization and degradation of host CD4 through the interaction of with the cytoplasmic tail of CD4, the recruitment of AP-2 (clathrin adapter protein complex 2), internalization through clathrin coated pits, and subsequent transport to endosomes and lysosomes for degradation. Diverts host MHC-I molecules to the trans-Golgi network-associated endosomal compartments by an endocytic pathway to finally target them for degradation. MHC-I down-regulation may involve AP-1 (clathrin adapter protein complex 1) or possibly Src family kinase-ZAP70/Syk-PI3K cascade recruited by PACS2. In consequence infected cells are masked for immune recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Decreasing the number of immune receptors also prevents reinfection by more HIV particles (superinfection) (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  Bypasses host T-cell signaling by inducing a transcriptional program nearly identical to that of anti-CD3 cell activation. Interaction with TCR-zeta chain up-regulates the Fas ligand (FasL). Increasing surface FasL molecules and decreasing surface MHC-I molecules on infected CD4(+) cells send attacking cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes into apoptosis (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  Plays a role in optimizing the host cell environment for viral replication without causing cell death by apoptosis. Protects the infected cells from apoptosis in order to keep them alive until the next virus generation is ready to strike. Inhibits the Fas and TNFR-mediated death signals by blocking MAP3K5. Interacts and decreases the half-life of p53, protecting the infected cell against p53-mediated apoptosis. Inhibits the apoptotic signals regulated by the Bcl-2 family proteins through the formation of a Nef/PI3-kinase/PAK2 complex that leads to activation of PAK2 and induces phosphorylation of Bad (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  Extracellular Nef protein targets CD4(+) T-lymphocytes for apoptosis by interacting with CXCR4 surface receptors (By similarity).<ref>PMID:9218412</ref> <ref>PMID:10224289</ref> <ref>PMID:10208934</ref> <ref>PMID:11070003</ref> <ref>PMID:11420046</ref> <ref>PMID:11689886</ref>  


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Tyrosine kinase|Tyrosine kinase]]
*[[Protein Nef 3D structures|Protein Nef 3D structures]]
*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Hiv-1 m:b_arv2/sf2]]
[[Category: HIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Blankenfeldt, W]]
[[Category: Blankenfeldt W]]
[[Category: Geyer, M]]
[[Category: Geyer M]]
[[Category: Schulte, A]]
[[Category: Schulte A]]
[[Category: Hck sh3 domain]]
[[Category: Hiv-1 nef]]
[[Category: Protein binding]]
[[Category: Sh3 domain binding]]
[[Category: Signaling]]

Latest revision as of 15:20, 14 March 2024

HIV-1 Nef protein in complex with engineered Hck-SH3 domainHIV-1 Nef protein in complex with engineered Hck-SH3 domain

Structural highlights

3rea is a 4 chain structure with sequence from HIV-1 M:B_ARV2/SF2 and Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2Å
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

NEF_HV1A2 Factor of infectivity and pathogenicity, required for optimal virus replication. Alters numerous pathways of T-lymphocytes function and down-regulates immunity surface molecules in order to evade host defense and increase viral infectivity. Alters the functionality of other immunity cells, like dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells. One of the earliest and most abundantly expressed viral proteins (By similarity).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] In infected CD4(+) T-lymphocytes, down-regulates the surface MHC-I, mature MHC-II, CD4, CD28, CCR5 and CXCR4 molecules. Mediates internalization and degradation of host CD4 through the interaction of with the cytoplasmic tail of CD4, the recruitment of AP-2 (clathrin adapter protein complex 2), internalization through clathrin coated pits, and subsequent transport to endosomes and lysosomes for degradation. Diverts host MHC-I molecules to the trans-Golgi network-associated endosomal compartments by an endocytic pathway to finally target them for degradation. MHC-I down-regulation may involve AP-1 (clathrin adapter protein complex 1) or possibly Src family kinase-ZAP70/Syk-PI3K cascade recruited by PACS2. In consequence infected cells are masked for immune recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Decreasing the number of immune receptors also prevents reinfection by more HIV particles (superinfection) (By similarity).[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Bypasses host T-cell signaling by inducing a transcriptional program nearly identical to that of anti-CD3 cell activation. Interaction with TCR-zeta chain up-regulates the Fas ligand (FasL). Increasing surface FasL molecules and decreasing surface MHC-I molecules on infected CD4(+) cells send attacking cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes into apoptosis (By similarity).[13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] Plays a role in optimizing the host cell environment for viral replication without causing cell death by apoptosis. Protects the infected cells from apoptosis in order to keep them alive until the next virus generation is ready to strike. Inhibits the Fas and TNFR-mediated death signals by blocking MAP3K5. Interacts and decreases the half-life of p53, protecting the infected cell against p53-mediated apoptosis. Inhibits the apoptotic signals regulated by the Bcl-2 family proteins through the formation of a Nef/PI3-kinase/PAK2 complex that leads to activation of PAK2 and induces phosphorylation of Bad (By similarity).[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] Extracellular Nef protein targets CD4(+) T-lymphocytes for apoptosis by interacting with CXCR4 surface receptors (By similarity).[25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Briggs SD, Sharkey M, Stevenson M, Smithgall TE. SH3-mediated Hck tyrosine kinase activation and fibroblast transformation by the Nef protein of HIV-1. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 18;272(29):17899-902. PMID:9218412
  2. ↑ Xu XN, Laffert B, Screaton GR, Kraft M, Wolf D, Kolanus W, Mongkolsapay J, McMichael AJ, Baur AS. Induction of Fas ligand expression by HIV involves the interaction of Nef with the T cell receptor zeta chain. J Exp Med. 1999 May 3;189(9):1489-96. PMID:10224289
  3. ↑ Kim YH, Chang SH, Kwon JH, Rhee SS. HIV-1 Nef plays an essential role in two independent processes in CD4 down-regulation: dissociation of the CD4-p56(lck) complex and targeting of CD4 to lysosomes. Virology. 1999 Apr 25;257(1):208-19. PMID:10208934 doi:S0042-6822(99)99642-3
  4. ↑ Arora VK, Molina RP, Foster JL, Blakemore JL, Chernoff J, Fredericksen BL, Garcia JV. Lentivirus Nef specifically activates Pak2. J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):11081-7. PMID:11070003
  5. ↑ Simmons A, Aluvihare V, McMichael A. Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators. Immunity. 2001 Jun;14(6):763-77. PMID:11420046
  6. ↑ Wolf D, Witte V, Laffert B, Blume K, Stromer E, Trapp S, d'Aloja P, Schurmann A, Baur AS. HIV-1 Nef associated PAK and PI3-kinases stimulate Akt-independent Bad-phosphorylation to induce anti-apoptotic signals. Nat Med. 2001 Nov;7(11):1217-24. PMID:11689886 doi:10.1038/nm1101-1217
  7. ↑ Briggs SD, Sharkey M, Stevenson M, Smithgall TE. SH3-mediated Hck tyrosine kinase activation and fibroblast transformation by the Nef protein of HIV-1. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 18;272(29):17899-902. PMID:9218412
  8. ↑ Xu XN, Laffert B, Screaton GR, Kraft M, Wolf D, Kolanus W, Mongkolsapay J, McMichael AJ, Baur AS. Induction of Fas ligand expression by HIV involves the interaction of Nef with the T cell receptor zeta chain. J Exp Med. 1999 May 3;189(9):1489-96. PMID:10224289
  9. ↑ Kim YH, Chang SH, Kwon JH, Rhee SS. HIV-1 Nef plays an essential role in two independent processes in CD4 down-regulation: dissociation of the CD4-p56(lck) complex and targeting of CD4 to lysosomes. Virology. 1999 Apr 25;257(1):208-19. PMID:10208934 doi:S0042-6822(99)99642-3
  10. ↑ Arora VK, Molina RP, Foster JL, Blakemore JL, Chernoff J, Fredericksen BL, Garcia JV. Lentivirus Nef specifically activates Pak2. J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):11081-7. PMID:11070003
  11. ↑ Simmons A, Aluvihare V, McMichael A. Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators. Immunity. 2001 Jun;14(6):763-77. PMID:11420046
  12. ↑ Wolf D, Witte V, Laffert B, Blume K, Stromer E, Trapp S, d'Aloja P, Schurmann A, Baur AS. HIV-1 Nef associated PAK and PI3-kinases stimulate Akt-independent Bad-phosphorylation to induce anti-apoptotic signals. Nat Med. 2001 Nov;7(11):1217-24. PMID:11689886 doi:10.1038/nm1101-1217
  13. ↑ Briggs SD, Sharkey M, Stevenson M, Smithgall TE. SH3-mediated Hck tyrosine kinase activation and fibroblast transformation by the Nef protein of HIV-1. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 18;272(29):17899-902. PMID:9218412
  14. ↑ Xu XN, Laffert B, Screaton GR, Kraft M, Wolf D, Kolanus W, Mongkolsapay J, McMichael AJ, Baur AS. Induction of Fas ligand expression by HIV involves the interaction of Nef with the T cell receptor zeta chain. J Exp Med. 1999 May 3;189(9):1489-96. PMID:10224289
  15. ↑ Kim YH, Chang SH, Kwon JH, Rhee SS. HIV-1 Nef plays an essential role in two independent processes in CD4 down-regulation: dissociation of the CD4-p56(lck) complex and targeting of CD4 to lysosomes. Virology. 1999 Apr 25;257(1):208-19. PMID:10208934 doi:S0042-6822(99)99642-3
  16. ↑ Arora VK, Molina RP, Foster JL, Blakemore JL, Chernoff J, Fredericksen BL, Garcia JV. Lentivirus Nef specifically activates Pak2. J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):11081-7. PMID:11070003
  17. ↑ Simmons A, Aluvihare V, McMichael A. Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators. Immunity. 2001 Jun;14(6):763-77. PMID:11420046
  18. ↑ Wolf D, Witte V, Laffert B, Blume K, Stromer E, Trapp S, d'Aloja P, Schurmann A, Baur AS. HIV-1 Nef associated PAK and PI3-kinases stimulate Akt-independent Bad-phosphorylation to induce anti-apoptotic signals. Nat Med. 2001 Nov;7(11):1217-24. PMID:11689886 doi:10.1038/nm1101-1217
  19. ↑ Briggs SD, Sharkey M, Stevenson M, Smithgall TE. SH3-mediated Hck tyrosine kinase activation and fibroblast transformation by the Nef protein of HIV-1. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 18;272(29):17899-902. PMID:9218412
  20. ↑ Xu XN, Laffert B, Screaton GR, Kraft M, Wolf D, Kolanus W, Mongkolsapay J, McMichael AJ, Baur AS. Induction of Fas ligand expression by HIV involves the interaction of Nef with the T cell receptor zeta chain. J Exp Med. 1999 May 3;189(9):1489-96. PMID:10224289
  21. ↑ Kim YH, Chang SH, Kwon JH, Rhee SS. HIV-1 Nef plays an essential role in two independent processes in CD4 down-regulation: dissociation of the CD4-p56(lck) complex and targeting of CD4 to lysosomes. Virology. 1999 Apr 25;257(1):208-19. PMID:10208934 doi:S0042-6822(99)99642-3
  22. ↑ Arora VK, Molina RP, Foster JL, Blakemore JL, Chernoff J, Fredericksen BL, Garcia JV. Lentivirus Nef specifically activates Pak2. J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):11081-7. PMID:11070003
  23. ↑ Simmons A, Aluvihare V, McMichael A. Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators. Immunity. 2001 Jun;14(6):763-77. PMID:11420046
  24. ↑ Wolf D, Witte V, Laffert B, Blume K, Stromer E, Trapp S, d'Aloja P, Schurmann A, Baur AS. HIV-1 Nef associated PAK and PI3-kinases stimulate Akt-independent Bad-phosphorylation to induce anti-apoptotic signals. Nat Med. 2001 Nov;7(11):1217-24. PMID:11689886 doi:10.1038/nm1101-1217
  25. ↑ Briggs SD, Sharkey M, Stevenson M, Smithgall TE. SH3-mediated Hck tyrosine kinase activation and fibroblast transformation by the Nef protein of HIV-1. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jul 18;272(29):17899-902. PMID:9218412
  26. ↑ Xu XN, Laffert B, Screaton GR, Kraft M, Wolf D, Kolanus W, Mongkolsapay J, McMichael AJ, Baur AS. Induction of Fas ligand expression by HIV involves the interaction of Nef with the T cell receptor zeta chain. J Exp Med. 1999 May 3;189(9):1489-96. PMID:10224289
  27. ↑ Kim YH, Chang SH, Kwon JH, Rhee SS. HIV-1 Nef plays an essential role in two independent processes in CD4 down-regulation: dissociation of the CD4-p56(lck) complex and targeting of CD4 to lysosomes. Virology. 1999 Apr 25;257(1):208-19. PMID:10208934 doi:S0042-6822(99)99642-3
  28. ↑ Arora VK, Molina RP, Foster JL, Blakemore JL, Chernoff J, Fredericksen BL, Garcia JV. Lentivirus Nef specifically activates Pak2. J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):11081-7. PMID:11070003
  29. ↑ Simmons A, Aluvihare V, McMichael A. Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators. Immunity. 2001 Jun;14(6):763-77. PMID:11420046
  30. ↑ Wolf D, Witte V, Laffert B, Blume K, Stromer E, Trapp S, d'Aloja P, Schurmann A, Baur AS. HIV-1 Nef associated PAK and PI3-kinases stimulate Akt-independent Bad-phosphorylation to induce anti-apoptotic signals. Nat Med. 2001 Nov;7(11):1217-24. PMID:11689886 doi:10.1038/nm1101-1217

3rea, resolution 2.00Å

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.openfox.io/wiki/index.php?title=3rea&oldid=4096591"