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==Discovery of Clinical Candidate N-{(1S)-1-[3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-methoxyethyl}-7-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-4(1H)-carboxamide (TAK-915), A Highly Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrating Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders==
==Discovery of Clinical Candidate N-{(1S)-1-[3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-methoxyethyl}-7-methoxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-4(1H)-carboxamide (TAK-915), A Highly Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrating Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders==
<StructureSection load='5vp1' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5vp1]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.86&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='5vp1' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5vp1]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.86&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5vp1]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5VP1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5VP1 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5vp1]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5VP1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5VP1 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=9GA:N-{(1S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]propyl}-6-methyl-5-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide'>9GA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.86&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5vp0|5vp0]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=9GA:N-{(1S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]propyl}-6-methyl-5-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide'>9GA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PDE2A ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5vp1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5vp1 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5vp1 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5vp1 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5vp1 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5vp1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide_phosphodiesterase 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.1.4.17 3.1.4.17] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5vp1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5vp1 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5vp1 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5vp1 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5vp1 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5vp1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDE2A_HUMAN PDE2A_HUMAN]] Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes.<ref>PMID:15938621</ref> <ref>PMID:19828435</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDE2A_HUMAN PDE2A_HUMAN] Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes.<ref>PMID:15938621</ref> <ref>PMID:19828435</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
It has been hypothesized that selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 2A could potentially be a novel approach to treat cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders through augmentation of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in brain regions associated with learning and memory. Following our earlier work, this article describes a drug design strategy for a new series of lead compounds structurally distinct from our clinical candidate 2 (TAK-915), and subsequent medicinal chemistry efforts to optimize potency, selectivity over other PDE families, and other preclinical properties including in vitro phototoxicity and in vivo rat plasma clearance. These efforts resulted in the discovery of N-((1S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)propyl)-6-methyl-5-(3-me thyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (20), which robustly increased 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the rat brain following an oral dose, and moreover, attenuated MK-801-induced episodic memory deficits in a passive avoidance task in rats. These data provide further support to the potential therapeutic utility of PDE2A inhibitors in enhancing cognitive performance.


Discovery of a Novel Series of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitors Structurally Different from N-((1S)-1-(3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-methoxyethyl)-7-methoxy-2-oxo-2 ,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-4(1H)-carboxamide (TAK-915), for the Treatment of Cognitive Disorders.,Mikami S, Kawasaki M, Ikeda S, Negoro N, Nakamura S, Nomura I, Ashizawa T, Kokubo H, Hoffman ID, Zou H, Oki H, Uchiyama N, Hiura Y, Miyamoto M, Itou Y, Nakashima M, Iwashita H, Taniguchi T Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2017;65(11):1058-1077. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00564. PMID:29093293<ref>PMID:29093293</ref>
==See Also==
 
*[[Phosphodiesterase 3D structures|Phosphodiesterase 3D structures]]
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5vp1" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hoffman, I D]]
[[Category: Hoffman ID]]
[[Category: Brain-pentrating]]
[[Category: Cognitive disorder]]
[[Category: Hydrolase-hydrolase inhibitor complex]]
[[Category: Inhibitor]]
[[Category: Phosphodiesterase]]

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