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==Crystal structure of human galectin-9 N-terminal CRD in complex with N-acetyllactosamine trimer (crystal 1)==
==Crystal structure of human galectin-9 N-terminal CRD in complex with N-acetyllactosamine trimer (crystal 1)==
<StructureSection load='2zhm' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2zhm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.84&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='2zhm' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2zhm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.84&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2zhm]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZHM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZHM FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2zhm]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZHM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZHM FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=RPN:(R)-1-PARA-NITRO-PHENYL-2-AZIDO-ETHANOL'>RPN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GAL:BETA-D-GALACTOSE'>GAL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.84&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2zhk|2zhk]], [[2zhl|2zhl]], [[2zhn|2zhn]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAL:BETA-D-GALACTOSE'>GAL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=RPN:(R)-1-PARA-NITRO-PHENYL-2-AZIDO-ETHANOL'>RPN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2zhm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2zhm OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2zhm RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2zhm PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2zhm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2zhm OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2zhm PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2zhm RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2zhm PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2zhm ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LEG9_HUMAN LEG9_HUMAN]] Binds galactosides. Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide. May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. Inhibits cell proliferation. It is a ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3. Induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death. Isoform Short acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant.<ref>PMID:16286920</ref> <ref>PMID:18005988</ref> <ref>PMID:18977853</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LEG9_HUMAN LEG9_HUMAN] Binds galactosides. Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide. May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. Inhibits cell proliferation. It is a ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3. Induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death. Isoform Short acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant.<ref>PMID:16286920</ref> <ref>PMID:18005988</ref> <ref>PMID:18977853</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/zh/2zhm_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/zh/2zhm_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
   </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2zhm ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-specific lectins bearing a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. Interactions between galectins and poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences are critical in a variety of biological processes. Galectin-9, a member of the galectin family, has two carbohydrate recognition domains at both the N- and C-terminal regions. Here we report the crystal structure of the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with N-acetyllactosamine dimers and trimers. These complex structures revealed that the galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain can recognize internal N-acetyllactosamine units within poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains. Based on these complex structures, we propose two putative recognition modes for poly-N-acetyllactosamine binding by galectins.
Structural analysis of the recognition mechanism of poly-N-acetyllactosamine by the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain.,Nagae M, Nishi N, Murata T, Usui T, Nakamura T, Wakatsuki S, Kato R Glycobiology. 2009 Feb;19(2):112-7. Epub 2008 Oct 31. PMID:18977853<ref>PMID:18977853</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Galectin|Galectin]]
*[[Galectin 3D structures|Galectin 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Kato, R]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Murata, T]]
[[Category: Kato R]]
[[Category: Nagae, M]]
[[Category: Murata T]]
[[Category: Nakamura, T]]
[[Category: Nagae M]]
[[Category: Nishi, N]]
[[Category: Nakamura T]]
[[Category: Usui, T]]
[[Category: Nishi N]]
[[Category: Wakatsuki, S]]
[[Category: Usui T]]
[[Category: Beta sandwich]]
[[Category: Wakatsuki S]]
[[Category: Carbohydrate binding protein]]
[[Category: Galectin]]
[[Category: Sugar binding protein]]

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