3so6: Difference between revisions

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==Crystal structure of the LDL receptor tail in complex with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia PTB domain==
==Crystal structure of the LDL receptor tail in complex with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia PTB domain==
<StructureSection load='3so6' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3so6]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.37&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='3so6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3so6]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.37&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3so6]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus Rattus norvegicus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3SO6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3SO6 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3so6]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus Rattus norvegicus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3SO6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3SO6 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Ldlrap1, RGD1563417_predicted, rCG_31034 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10116 Rattus norvegicus])</td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.37&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3so6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3so6 OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3so6 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3so6 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3so6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3so6 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3so6 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3so6 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3so6 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3so6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LDLR_HUMAN LDLR_HUMAN]] Defects in LDLR are the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/143890 143890]]; a common autosomal semi-dominant disease that affects about 1 in 500 individuals. The receptor defect impairs the catabolism of LDL, and the resultant elevation in plasma LDL-cholesterol promotes deposition of cholesterol in the skin (xanthelasma), tendons (xanthomas), and coronary arteries (atherosclerosis).<ref>PMID:3263645</ref> <ref>PMID:2569482</ref> <ref>PMID:3955657</ref> <ref>PMID:8347689</ref> <ref>PMID:2318961</ref> <ref>PMID:1446662</ref> <ref>PMID:1867200</ref> <ref>PMID:8462973</ref> <ref>PMID:8168830</ref> <ref>PMID:2726768</ref> <ref>PMID:1464748</ref> <ref>PMID:7573037</ref> <ref>PMID:7583548</ref> <ref>PMID:7550239</ref> <ref>PMID:7635461</ref> <ref>PMID:7635482</ref> <ref>PMID:7649546</ref> <ref>PMID:7649549</ref> <ref>PMID:8740918</ref> <ref>PMID:8664907</ref> <ref>PMID:9026534</ref> <ref>PMID:9254862</ref> <ref>PMID:9143924</ref> <ref>PMID:9259195</ref> <ref>PMID:9104431</ref> <ref>PMID:9654205</ref> <ref>PMID:9452094</ref> <ref>PMID:9452095</ref> <ref>PMID:9452118</ref> <ref>PMID:10206683</ref> <ref>PMID:10660340</ref> [:]<ref>PMID:9852677</ref> <ref>PMID:9678702</ref> <ref>PMID:10422803</ref> <ref>PMID:10090484</ref> <ref>PMID:10447263</ref> <ref>PMID:10978268</ref> <ref>PMID:10980548</ref> <ref>PMID:10882754</ref> <ref>PMID:11298688</ref> <ref>PMID:17142622</ref> <ref>PMID:19319977</ref> <ref>PMID:22160468</ref> 
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LDLR_HUMAN LDLR_HUMAN]] Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. In case of HIV-1 infection, functions as a receptor for extracellular Tat in neurons, mediating its internalization in uninfected cells.
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ARH_RAT ARH_RAT] Adapter protein (clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP)) required for efficient endocytosis of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in polarized cells such as hepatocytes and lymphocytes, but not in non-polarized cells (fibroblasts). May be required for LDL binding and internalization but not for receptor clustering in coated pits. May facilitate the endocytosis of LDLR and LDLR-LDL complexes from coated pits by stabilizing the interaction between the receptor and the structural components of the pits. May also be involved in the internalization of other LDLR family members. Binds to phosphoinositides, which regulate clathrin bud assembly at the cell surface (By similarity). Required for trafficking of LRP2 to the endocytic recycling compartment which is necessary for LRP2 proteolysis, releasing a tail fragment which translocates to the nucleus and mediates transcriptional repression (PubMed:23836931).[UniProtKB:Q8C142]<ref>PMID:23836931</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Hypercholesterolemia, high serum cholesterol in the form of LDL, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. LDL is mostly degraded in the liver after its cellular internalization with the LDL receptor (LDLR). This clathrin-mediated endocytosis depends on the protein autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH), which binds the LDLR cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in either the LDLR tail or in ARH lead to hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis. Despite the significance of this interaction for cholesterol homeostasis, no structure of either ARH or the LDLR tail is available to determine its molecular basis. We report the crystal structure at 1.37-A resolution of the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of ARH in complex with an LDLR tail peptide containing the FxNPxY(0) internalization signal. Surprisingly, ARH interacts with a longer portion of the tail than previously recognized, which extends to I(-7)xF(-5)xNPxY(0)QK(+2). The LDLR tail assumes a unique "Hook"-like structure with a double beta-turn conformation, which is accommodated in distinctive ARH structural determinants (i.e., an extended backbone hydrogen-bonding platform, three hydrophobic helical grooves, and a hydrophobic pocket for Y(0)). This unique complementarity differs significantly in related PTB proteins and may account for the unique physiological role of these partners in the hepatic uptake of cholesterol LDL. Moreover, the unusual hydrophobic pocket for Y(0) explains the distinctive ability of ARH to internalize proteins containing either FxNPxY(0) or FxNPxF(0) sequences. Biophysical measurements reveal how mutations associated with hypercholesterolemia destabilize ARH and its complex with LDLR and illuminate LDL internalization defects seen in patients.
 
Atomic structure of the autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia phosphotyrosine-binding domain in complex with the LDL-receptor tail.,Dvir H, Shah M, Girardi E, Guo L, Farquhar MG, Zajonc DM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 16. PMID:22509010<ref>PMID:22509010</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
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__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Rattus norvegicus]]
[[Category: Rattus norvegicus]]
[[Category: Dvir, H]]
[[Category: Dvir H]]
[[Category: Zajonc, D M]]
[[Category: Zajonc DM]]
[[Category: Arh]]
[[Category: Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]]
[[Category: Cholesterol]]
[[Category: Endocytic adaptor]]
[[Category: Ldl]]
[[Category: Ldlr]]
[[Category: Protein binding-protein transport complex]]
[[Category: Ptb]]
[[Category: Receptor]]

Latest revision as of 12:52, 1 March 2024

Crystal structure of the LDL receptor tail in complex with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia PTB domainCrystal structure of the LDL receptor tail in complex with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia PTB domain

Structural highlights

3so6 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens and Rattus norvegicus. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 1.37Å
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

ARH_RAT Adapter protein (clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP)) required for efficient endocytosis of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in polarized cells such as hepatocytes and lymphocytes, but not in non-polarized cells (fibroblasts). May be required for LDL binding and internalization but not for receptor clustering in coated pits. May facilitate the endocytosis of LDLR and LDLR-LDL complexes from coated pits by stabilizing the interaction between the receptor and the structural components of the pits. May also be involved in the internalization of other LDLR family members. Binds to phosphoinositides, which regulate clathrin bud assembly at the cell surface (By similarity). Required for trafficking of LRP2 to the endocytic recycling compartment which is necessary for LRP2 proteolysis, releasing a tail fragment which translocates to the nucleus and mediates transcriptional repression (PubMed:23836931).[UniProtKB:Q8C142][1]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Shah M, Baterina OY Jr, Taupin V, Farquhar MG. ARH directs megalin to the endocytic recycling compartment to regulate its proteolysis and gene expression. J Cell Biol. 2013 Jul 8;202(1):113-27. PMID:23836931 doi:10.1083/jcb.201211110

3so6, resolution 1.37Å

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