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| [[Image:1m9r.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="1m9r" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
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| caption="1m9r, resolution 2.56Å" />
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| '''human endothelial nitric oxide synthase with 3-Bromo-7-Nitroindazole bound'''<br />
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| ==Overview== | | ==human endothelial nitric oxide synthase with 3-Bromo-7-Nitroindazole bound== |
| Nitric oxide is a key signaling molecule in many biological processes, making regulation of nitric oxide levels highly desirable for human medicine and for advancing our understanding of basic physiology. Designing inhibitors to specifically target one of the three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isozymes that form nitric oxide from the L-Arg substrate poses a significant challenge due to the overwhelmingly conserved active sites. We report here 10 new X-ray crystallographic structures of inducible and endothelial NOS oxygenase domains cocrystallized with chlorzoxazone and four nitroindazoles: 5-nitroindazole, 6-nitroindazole, 7-nitroindazole, and 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole. Each of these bicyclic aromatic inhibitors has only one hydrogen bond donor and therefore cannot form the bidentate hydrogen bonds that the L-Arg substrate makes with Glu371. Instead, all of these inhibitors induce a conformational change in Glu371, creating an active site with altered molecular recognition properties. The cost of this conformational change is approximately 1-2 kcal, based on our measured constants for inhibitor binding to the wild-type and E371A mutant proteins. These inhibitors derive affinity by pi-stacking above the heme and replacing both intramolecular (Glu371-Met368) and intermolecular (substrate-Trp366) hydrogen bonds to the beta-sheet architecture underlying the active site. When bound to NOS, high-affinity inhibitors in this class are planar, whereas weaker inhibitors are nonplanar. Isozyme differences were observed in the pterin cofactor site, the heme propionate, and inhibitor positions. Computational docking predictions match the crystallographic results, including the Glu371 conformational change and inhibitor-binding orientations, and support a combined crystallographic and computational approach to isozyme-specific NOS inhibitor analysis and design.
| | <StructureSection load='1m9r' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1m9r]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.56Å' scene=''> |
| | == Structural highlights == |
| | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1m9r]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1M9R OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1M9R FirstGlance]. <br> |
| | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.56Å</td></tr> |
| | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=INE:3-BROMO-7-NITROINDAZOLE'>INE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> |
| | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1m9r FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1m9r OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1m9r PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1m9r RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1m9r PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1m9r ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| | </table> |
| | == Function == |
| | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOS3_HUMAN NOS3_HUMAN] Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. NO mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in coronary vessels and promotes blood clotting through the activation of platelets.<ref>PMID:17264164</ref> Isoform eNOS13C: Lacks eNOS activity, dominant-negative form that may down-regulate eNOS activity by forming heterodimers with isoform 1.<ref>PMID:17264164</ref> |
| | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
| | Check<jmol> |
| | <jmolCheckbox> |
| | <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/m9/1m9r_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> |
| | <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> |
| | <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> |
| | </jmolCheckbox> |
| | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1m9r ConSurf]. |
| | <div style="clear:both"></div> |
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| ==Disease== | | ==See Also== |
| Known diseases associated with this structure: Alzheimer disease, late-onset, susceptibility to OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=163729 163729]], Coronary spasms, susceptibility to OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=163729 163729]], Hypertension, pregnancy-induced OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=163729 163729]], Hypertension, susceptibility to OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=163729 163729]], Ischemic stroke, susceptibility to OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=163729 163729]], Placental abruption OMIM:[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=163729 163729]]
| | *[[Nitric Oxide Synthase 3D structures|Nitric Oxide Synthase 3D structures]] |
| | | == References == |
| ==About this Structure== | | <references/> |
| 1M9R is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] with <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:'>ZN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:'>HEM</scene> and <scene name='pdbligand=INE:'>INE</scene> as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Active as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric-oxide_synthase Nitric-oxide synthase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.14.13.39 1.14.13.39] Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1M9R OCA].
| | __TOC__ |
| | | </StructureSection> |
| ==Reference==
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| Conformational changes in nitric oxide synthases induced by chlorzoxazone and nitroindazoles: crystallographic and computational analyses of inhibitor potency., Rosenfeld RJ, Garcin ED, Panda K, Andersson G, Aberg A, Wallace AV, Morris GM, Olson AJ, Stuehr DJ, Tainer JA, Getzoff ED, Biochemistry. 2002 Nov 26;41(47):13915-25. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=12437348 12437348]
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| [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| [[Category: Nitric-oxide synthase]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| [[Category: Single protein]]
| | [[Category: Aberg A]] |
| [[Category: Aberg, A.]] | | [[Category: Andersson G]] |
| [[Category: Andersson, G.]] | | [[Category: Garcin ED]] |
| [[Category: Garcin, E D.]] | | [[Category: Getzoff ED]] |
| [[Category: Getzoff, E D.]] | | [[Category: Panda K]] |
| [[Category: Panda, K.]] | | [[Category: Rosenfeld RJ]] |
| [[Category: Rosenfeld, R J.]] | | [[Category: Stuehr DJ]] |
| [[Category: Stuehr, D J.]] | | [[Category: Tainer JA]] |
| [[Category: Tainer, J A.]] | | [[Category: Wallace AV]] |
| [[Category: Wallace, A V.]] | |
| [[Category: HEM]]
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| [[Category: INE]]
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| [[Category: ZN]]
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| [[Category: oxidoreductase]]
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| ''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Thu Feb 21 13:52:59 2008''
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