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==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE/NEUROLEUKIN/AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR/MATURATION FACTOR==
==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE/NEUROLEUKIN/AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR/MATURATION FACTOR==
<StructureSection load='1iat' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1iat]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.62&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1iat' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1iat]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.62&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1iat]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1IAT OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1IAT FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1iat]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1IAT OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1IAT FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BME:BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL'>BME</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.62&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1dqr|1dqr]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BME:BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL'>BME</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_isomerase Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=5.3.1.9 5.3.1.9] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1iat FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1iat OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1iat PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1iat RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1iat PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1iat ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1iat FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1iat OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1iat PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1iat RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1iat PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1iat ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PI_HUMAN G6PI_HUMAN]] Defects in GPI are the cause of hemolytic anemia non-spherocytic due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency (HA-GPID) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613470 613470]]. It is a form of anemia in which there is no abnormal hemoglobin or spherocytosis. It is caused by glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency. Severe GPI deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PI_HUMAN G6PI_HUMAN] Defects in GPI are the cause of hemolytic anemia non-spherocytic due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency (HA-GPID) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613470 613470]. It is a form of anemia in which there is no abnormal hemoglobin or spherocytosis. It is caused by glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency. Severe GPI deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment.
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PI_HUMAN G6PI_HUMAN]] Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, mammalian GPI can function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. GPI is also a neurotrophic factor (Neuroleukin) for spinal and sensory neurons.<ref>PMID:11004567</ref> <ref>PMID:11437381</ref> <ref>PMID:12163179</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PI_HUMAN G6PI_HUMAN] Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, mammalian GPI can function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. GPI is also a neurotrophic factor (Neuroleukin) for spinal and sensory neurons.<ref>PMID:11004567</ref> <ref>PMID:11437381</ref> <ref>PMID:12163179</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ia/1iat_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ia/1iat_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1iat ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1iat ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a multifunctional protein, which, inside the cell, functions as a housekeeping enzyme of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and, outside the cell, exerts wholly unrelated cytokine properties. We have determined the structure of human PGI to a resolution of 1.6 A using X-ray crystallography. The structure is highly similar to other PGIs, especially the architecture of the active site. Fortuitous binding of a sulphate molecule from the crystallisation solution has facilitated an accurate description of the substrate phosphate-binding site. Comparison with both native and inhibitor-bound rabbit PGI structures shows that two loops move closer to the active site upon binding inhibitor. Interestingly, the human structure most closely resembles the inhibitor-bound structure, suggesting that binding of the phosphate moiety of the substrate may trigger this conformational change. We suggest a new mechanism for catalysis that uses Glu357 as the base catalyst for the isomerase reaction rather than His388 as proposed previously. The human PGI structure has also provided a detailed framework with which to map mutations associated with non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia.
The crystal structure of human phosphoglucose isomerase at 1.6 A resolution: implications for catalytic mechanism, cytokine activity and haemolytic anaemia.,Read J, Pearce J, Li X, Muirhead H, Chirgwin J, Davies C J Mol Biol. 2001 Jun 1;309(2):447-63. PMID:11371164<ref>PMID:11371164</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1iat" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Phosphoglucoisomerase|Phosphoglucoisomerase]]
*[[Phosphoglucose isomerase 3D structures|Phosphoglucose isomerase 3D structures]]
*[[Phosphoglucose isomerase|Phosphoglucose isomerase]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Chirgwin, J]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Davies, C]]
[[Category: Chirgwin J]]
[[Category: Li, X]]
[[Category: Davies C]]
[[Category: Muirhead, H]]
[[Category: Li X]]
[[Category: Pearce, J]]
[[Category: Muirhead H]]
[[Category: Read, J A]]
[[Category: Pearce J]]
[[Category: Glycolysis enzyme/neurotrophic growth factor/cytokine]]
[[Category: Read JA]]
[[Category: Isomerase]]
[[Category: Two alpha/beta domain]]

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