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==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MILK==
==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MILK==
<StructureSection load='1fo4' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1fo4]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1fo4' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1fo4]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1fo4]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus]. The September 2009 RCSB PDB [http://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Xanthine Oxidoreductase''  by David Goodsell is [http://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2009_9 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2009_9]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1FO4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1FO4 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1fo4]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus]. The September 2009 RCSB PDB [https://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Xanthine Oxidoreductase''  by David Goodsell is [https://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2009_9 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2009_9]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1FO4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1FO4 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FES:FE2/S2+(INORGANIC)+CLUSTER'>FES</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MOS:DIOXOTHIOMOLYBDENUM(VI)+ION'>MOS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MTE:PHOSPHONIC+ACIDMONO-(2-AMINO-5,6-DIMERCAPTO-4-OXO-3,7,8A,9,10,10A-HEXAHYDRO-4H-8-OXA-1,3,9,10-TETRAAZA-ANTHRACEN-7-YLMETHYL)ESTER'>MTE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SAL:2-HYDROXYBENZOIC+ACID'>SAL</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1fiq|1fiq]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FES:FE2/S2+(INORGANIC)+CLUSTER'>FES</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MOS:DIOXOTHIOMOLYBDENUM(VI)+ION'>MOS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MTE:PHOSPHONIC+ACIDMONO-(2-AMINO-5,6-DIMERCAPTO-4-OXO-3,7,8A,9,10,10A-HEXAHYDRO-4H-8-OXA-1,3,9,10-TETRAAZA-ANTHRACEN-7-YLMETHYL)ESTER'>MTE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SAL:2-HYDROXYBENZOIC+ACID'>SAL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthine_dehydrogenase Xanthine dehydrogenase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.17.1.4 1.17.1.4] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1fo4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1fo4 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1fo4 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1fo4 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1fo4 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1fo4 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1fo4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1fo4 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1fo4 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1fo4 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1fo4 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/XDH_BOVIN XDH_BOVIN]] Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/XDH_BOVIN XDH_BOVIN] Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/fo/1fo4_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/fo/1fo4_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
   </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1fo4 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductases, which catalyze the last two steps in the formation of urate, are synthesized as the dehydrogenase form xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) but can be readily converted to the oxidase form xanthine oxidase (XO) by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis. Here, we present the crystal structure of the dimeric (M(r), 290,000) bovine milk XDH at 2.1-A resolution and XO at 2.5-A resolution and describe the major changes that occur on the proteolytic transformation of XDH to the XO form. Each molecule is composed of an N-terminal 20-kDa domain containing two iron sulfur centers, a central 40-kDa flavin adenine dinucleotide domain, and a C-terminal 85-kDa molybdopterin-binding domain with the four redox centers aligned in an almost linear fashion. Cleavage of surface-exposed loops of XDH causes major structural rearrangement of another loop close to the flavin ring (Gln 423Lys 433). This movement partially blocks access of the NAD substrate to the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor and changes the electrostatic environment of the active site, reflecting the switch of substrate specificity observed for the two forms of this enzyme.
Crystal structures of bovine milk xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase: structure-based mechanism of conversion.,Enroth C, Eger BT, Okamoto K, Nishino T, Nishino T, Pai EF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 26;97(20):10723-8. PMID:11005854<ref>PMID:11005854</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1fo4" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Xanthine dehydrogenase|Xanthine dehydrogenase]]
*[[Xanthine dehydrogenase 3D structures|Xanthine dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
[[Category: Xanthine Oxidoreductase]]
[[Category: Xanthine Oxidoreductase]]
[[Category: Xanthine dehydrogenase]]
[[Category: Eger BT]]
[[Category: Eger, B T]]
[[Category: Enroth C]]
[[Category: Enroth, C]]
[[Category: Nishino T]]
[[Category: Nishino, T]]
[[Category: Okamoto K]]
[[Category: Okamoto, K]]
[[Category: Pai EF]]
[[Category: Pai, E F]]
[[Category: 2fe-2s iron sulfur center]]
[[Category: Fad]]
[[Category: Molybdopterin]]
[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
[[Category: Salicylate]]

Latest revision as of 10:16, 7 February 2024

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MILKCRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MILK

Structural highlights

1fo4 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Bos taurus. The September 2009 RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month feature on Xanthine Oxidoreductase by David Goodsell is 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2009_9. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.1Å
Ligands:, , , , , ,
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

XDH_BOVIN Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

See Also

1fo4, resolution 2.10Å

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