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==STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE OF A CONSERVED HYDROGEN BOND NETWORK IN HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II==
==STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE OF A CONSERVED HYDROGEN BOND NETWORK IN HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II==
<StructureSection load='1cvb' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1cvb]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1cvb' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1cvb]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1cvb]] is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1CVB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1CVB FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1cvb]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1CVB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1CVB FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.4&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_dehydratase Carbonate dehydratase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.2.1.1 4.2.1.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1cvb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1cvb OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1cvb PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1cvb RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1cvb PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1cvb ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1cvb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1cvb OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1cvb PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1cvb RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1cvb PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1cvb ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref>  
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/cv/1cvb_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/cv/1cvb_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1cvb ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1cvb ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Amino acid substitutions at Thr199 of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) (Thr199--&gt;Ser, Ala, Val, and Pro) were characterized to investigate the importance of a conserved hydrogen bonding network. The three-dimensional structures of azide-bound and sulfate-bound T199V CAIIs were determined by x-ray crystallographic methods at 2.25 and 2.4 A, respectively (final crystallographic R factors are 0.173 and 0.174, respectively). The CO2 hydrase activities of T199S and T199P variants suggest that the side chain methyl and backbone amino functionalities stabilize the transition state by approximately 0.4 and 0.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The side chain hydroxyl group causes: stabilization of zinc-hydroxide relative to zinc-water (pKa increases approximately 2 units); stabilization of the transition state for bicarbonate dehydration relative to the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 5 kcal/mol); and destabilization of the CAII.HCO3- complex (approximately 0.8 kcal/mol). An inverse correlation between log(kcatCO2/KM) and the pKa of zinc-water (r = 0.95, slope = -1) indicates that the hydrogen bonding network stabilizes the chemical transition state and zinc-hydroxide similarly. These data are consistent with the hydroxyl group of Thr199 forming a hydrogen bond with the transition state and a non-hydrogen-bonded van der Waals contact with CAII.HCO3-.
Structural and functional importance of a conserved hydrogen bond network in human carbonic anhydrase II.,Krebs JF, Ippolito JA, Christianson DW, Fierke CA J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 25;268(36):27458-66. PMID:8262987<ref>PMID:8262987</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1cvb" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Carbonic anhydrase|Carbonic anhydrase]]
*[[Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures|Carbonic anhydrase 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Carbonate dehydratase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Christianson, D W]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Ippolito, J A]]
[[Category: Christianson DW]]
[[Category: Ippolito JA]]

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