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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
| [[Reverse transcriptase]] (RT) or '''RNA-dependent DNA polymerase''' transcribes single-stranded RNA into double-stranded [[DNA]]. HIV-1 RT is from the human immunodeficiency virus and is a heterodimer of P66 and P51 subchains. P15 is its RNAse H domain. There are two types of inhibitors for RT: NNRTIs are the non-nucleoside inhibitors, and NRTIs are the nucleoide inhibitors. Being the protein that gives their name to Retroviruses, Reverse Transcriptase is, along with [[Hiv protease|Protease]] and Integrase, the most important part of the protein system involved in the process of infection and reproduction for viruses like HIV, MuLV and AMV. RT has the unusual property of transcribing ssRNA into dsDNA going against the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. | | [[Reverse transcriptase]] (RT) or '''RNA-dependent DNA polymerase''' transcribes single-stranded RNA into double-stranded [[DNA]]. HIV-1 RT is from the human immunodeficiency virus and is a heterodimer of P66 and P51 subchains. P15 is its RNAse H domain. There are two types of inhibitors for RT: '''NNRTIs''' are the non-nucleoside inhibitors, and '''NRTIs''' are the nucleoside inhibitors. Being the protein that gives their name to Retroviruses, Reverse Transcriptase is, along with [[Hiv protease|Protease]] and Integrase, the most important part of the protein system involved in the process of infection and reproduction for viruses like HIV, MuLV and AMV. RT has the unusual property of transcribing ssRNA into dsDNA going against the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. |
| Since its discovery in 1970, the study of its properties and mechanisms of action have been of high interest among the scientific community due to the unique properties that makes it an important medical target enzyme and important tool for genetic engineering applications like RT-PCR in the construction of cDNA libraries. See also <br /> | | Since its discovery in 1970, the study of its properties and mechanisms of action have been of high interest among the scientific community due to the unique properties that makes it an important medical target enzyme and important tool for genetic engineering applications like RT-PCR in the construction of cDNA libraries. See also <br /> |
| *[[Transcription and RNA Processing]]<br /> | | *[[Transcription and RNA Processing]]<br /> |
| *[[HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase in Complex with Nevirapine]]<br /> | | *[[HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase in Complex with Nevirapine]]<br /> |
| | *[[Efavirenz]]<br /> |
| | *[[Emtricitabine]]<br /> |
| | *[[Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir]]<br /> |
| *[[Phl p 2]]<br /> | | *[[Phl p 2]]<br /> |
| | *[[Tenofovir disoproxil]]<br /> |
| *[[AZT-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase]]<br /> | | *[[AZT-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase]]<br /> |
| *[[Catalytic Subunit of T. Castaneum TERT Polymerase]].<br /> | | *[[Catalytic Subunit of T. Castaneum TERT Polymerase]].<br /> |
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| *[[Reverse Transcriptase (Hebrew)]]<br /> | | *[[Reverse Transcriptase (Hebrew)]]<br /> |
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| Reverse Transcriptase is one of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst (see [[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2]]) and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground]. <scene name='Reverse_transcriptase/Presentation/3' caption='The hand-like two-enzymes-in-one protein that amazingly makes DNA from RNA'>-- CBI Molecular Playground Model --</scene> | | Reverse Transcriptase is one of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst (see [[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2#HIV Reverse Transcriptase|HIV Reverse Transcriptase (UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2)]]) and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground]. <scene name='Reverse_transcriptase/Presentation/3' caption='The hand-like two-enzymes-in-one protein that amazingly makes DNA from RNA'>-- CBI Molecular Playground Model --</scene> |
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| {{Clear}} | | {{Clear}} |
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| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| == 3D Structures of Reverse transcriptase ==
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| Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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| {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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| * HIV-1 reverse transcriptase P66/P51
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| **[[3dlk]], [[1hmv]] - P66/P51<br />
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| **[[1mu2]], [[1jle]], [[1hpz]], [[1hqu]], [[1qe1]], [[1dlo]], [[2wom]], [[2won]], [[3tam]], [[4dg1]], [[4zhr]], [[4ifv]] - P66/P51 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[3qip]] - P66/P51 + NNRTI + RNase H inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3irx]], [[3is9]], [[3lak]], [[3lal]], [[3lam]], [[3lan]], [[3ffi]], [[3di6]], [[3dle]], [[3dlg]], [[2rki]], [[3c6t]], [[3c6u]], [[2rf2]], [[2vg5]], [[2vg6]], [[2vg7]], [[2opp]], [[1jlq]], [[1ep4]], [[1c0t]], [[1c0u]], [[1dtt]], [[1dtq]], [[1bqm]], [[1rt1]], [[1rt2]], [[1rev]], [[1rtj]], [[1vru]], [[1hnv]], [[1hni]], [[3t19]], [[5ki4]], [[5fdl]], [[5c24]], [[5c25]], [[4rw7]], [[5ter]], [[5k14]], [[2ynh]], [[2yni]], [[4ncg]], [[1c1b]], [[3lp0]], [[3lp1]], [[3lp2]], [[1vrt]], [[3hvt]], [[4i7f]], [[3m8p]], [[3mec]], [[3mee]], [[2zd1]], [[3qlh]], [[1ikw]], [[1fk9]], [[3dya]], [[3e01]], [[3drp]] - P66/P51+NNRTI<br />
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| **[[1s1t]], [[1s1v]], [[1s1w]], [[1s6p]], [[1s6q]], [[1s9e]], [[1s9g]], [[1suq]], [[1sv5]], [[3dm2]], [[3dmj]], [[3dok]], [[3dol]], [[2opq]], [[2opr]], [[2ops]], [[2ic3]], [[2hnz]], [[1jlg]], [[1bqn]], [[1uwb]], [[1tvr]], [[3qo9]], [[3t1a]], [[5c42]], [[5tw3]], [[4rw4]], [[4rw6]], [[4rw8]], [[2ynf]], [[2yng]], [[2ynf]], [[2yng]], [[4kko]], [[4lsl]], [[4lsn]], [[4mfb]], [[4o44]], [[4o4g]], [[1lw2]], [[1rt3]], [[6duh]], [[6dug]], [[6duf]], [[6cgf]], [[6c0r]], [[1jla]], [[6c0p]], [[6c0o]], [[6c0n]], [[6c0l]], [[6c0k]], [[6c0j]], [[5vqz]], [[5vqy]], [[5vqx]], [[5vqw]], [[5vqv]], [[5vqu]], [[5vqt]], [[5vqs]], [[5vqr]], [[5vqq]], [[5tep]], [[2ykm]], [[2ykn]], [[4h4m]], [[4h4o]], [[4rw4]], [[4rw6]], [[4rw7]], [[4rw8]], [[4rw9]], [[2iaj]], [[2hnd]], [[2hny]], [[1s1u]], [[1s1x]], [[1lw0]], [[1lwc]], [[1lwe]], [[1lwf]], [[1jlb]], [[1jlf]], [[1fkp]], [[3med]], [[3meg]], [[2ze2]], [[4g1q]], [[4icl]], [[4id5]], [[4idk]], [[4ify]], [[4ig0]], [[4ig3]], [[4kfb]], [[1jkh]], [[1ikv]], [[1fko]], [[3drr]], [[3drs]], [[6dtw]], [[6dtx]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+NNRTI<br />
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| **[[4qag]] – Hiv1P66 + coumarin derivative <br />
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| **[[1rti]] - P66/P51+ inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3ig1]] - P66/P51 + inhibitor beta-thujaplicinol<br />
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| **[[3i0r]], [[3i0s]], [[3m8q]], [[3isn]], [[3ith]], [[1c1c]], [[3nbp]], [[5vz6]] - P66/P51+ pyrimidine derivative<br />
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| **[[1ikx]], [[4ko0]], [[4we1]], [[6aoc]], [[5tuq]], [[6oe3]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+ pyrimidine derivative<br />
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| **[[1tv6]] - P66/P51+ pyridine derivative<br />
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| **[[6eli]] - P66/P51+ pyridine derivative + rilpivirine + gag-pol polyprotein<br />
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| **[[1jlc]], [[1iky]], [[1eet]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + pyridine derivative<br />
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| **[[5cym]], [[5cyq]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + pyrazole derivative<br />
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| **[[2b5j]], [[2ban]], [[2be2]], [[1rth]], [[4kv8]] - P66/P51+ pyridone derivative<br />
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| **[[5j1e]], [[5hbm]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + pyridone derivative<br />
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| **[[6ecl]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + triazole derivative<br />
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| **[[6o9e]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + pyridone derivative + CMP<br />
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| **[[1tkt]], [[1tkx]], [[1tkz]], [[1tl1]], [[1tl3]] - P66/P51+ quinoline derivative<br />
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| **[[5uv5]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + quinoline derivative <br />
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| **[[2b6a]] - P66/P51+ THR-50<br />
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| **[[2i5j]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+hydrazone derivative<br />
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| **[[1rt4]], [[1rt5]], [[1rt6]], [[1rt7]] - P66/P51+ carboxanilide derivative<br />
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| **[[1klm]] - P66/P51+piperazine derivative<br />
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| * HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complex with DNA/RNA
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| **[[3kjv]], [[3kk3]], [[1r0a]], [[1n5y]], [[1n6q]], [[1hys]], [[5d3g]], [[5i3u]] - P66/P51+DNA<br />
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| **[[1j5o]], [[1rtd]], [[3klf]], [[3v4i]], [[3v6d]], [[6avt]], [[6avm]], [[6asw]], [[5j2q]], [[5j2p]], [[5j2m]], [[6or7]], [[6otz]], [[6oun]], [[6bhj]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+DNA<br />
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| **[[4r5p]], [[5j2n]], [[5txo]], [[5txp]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + nucleotide + DNA<br />
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| **[[3v81]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + DNA + NNRTI<br />
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| **[[1hvu]] - P66/P51+RNA<br />
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| **[[4b3o]], [[4b3p]], [[4b3q]], [[6bsj]], [[6bsi]], [[6bsh]], [[6bsg]] - P66/P51 + RNA + DNA<br />
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| **[[4pqu]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + dATP + RNA + DNA<br />
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| **[[5i42]] - P66/P51 + dTTP + DNA<br />
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| **[[6anq]], [[6an8]], [[6an2]], [[6amo]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + dTTP + DNA<br />
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| **[[6p1i]], [[6p1x]], [[6p2g]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + dCTP + DNA<br />
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| **[[6ik9]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + dCMP + GTP + DNA<br />
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| **[[5txn]], [[5txm]], [[5txl]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + dATP + DNA<br />
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| **[[6b19]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + tRNA + RNA<br />
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| **[[4puo]], [[4pwd]], [[4q0b]] - P66/P51 (mutant) + NNRTI + RNA + DNA<br />
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| **[[1t03]], [[1t05]] - P66/P51+DNA+Fab+NNRTI<br />
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| **[[3jsm]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+DNA+NNRTI<br />
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| **[[2hmi]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+DNA+Fab<br />
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| **[[3kk1]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+DNA + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[3kk2]] - P66/P51+DNA+NNRTI<br />
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| **[[3jyt]] - P66/P51 (mutant)+DNA+NNRTI<br />
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| **[[4r5p]], [[5hlf]], [[5hp1]], [[5hro]] - P66/P51 + DNA + phosphonate inhibitor<br />
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| *HIV-1 AZT-resistant reverse transcriptase P66/P51
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| **[[3kli]] - P66/P51 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[3kle]], [[3klg]], [[3klh]] – P66/P51 (mutant) + DNA
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| *HIV-1 reverse transcriptase P66
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| **[[2jle]] – P66+NNRTI<br />
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| **[[1har]] - P66 N-terminal<br />
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| **[[5t82]] - P66 thumb domain - NMR<br />
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| *Hiv-1 P15
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| **[[1rdh]], [[1hrh]], [[5dzm]] – P15<br />
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| **[[3lp3]] – P15+inhibitor MK3<br />
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| **[[3k2p]] – P15+inhibitor beta-thujaplicinol<br />
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| **[[3hyf]] – P15+pyrimidine derivative<br />
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| **[[1o1w]] – P15+Mg - NMR<br />
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| *HIV-2 reverse transcriptase
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| **[[1mu2]] - RT (mutant)
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| * Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase
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| **[[1mml]] - MmlvRT residues 130-394<br />
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| **[[1nnd]] - MmlvRT catalytic fragment residues 144-398 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[2r2r]], [[2r2t]], [[2fjv]], [[2fjw]], [[2fjx]], [[1ztw]], [[2fvs]], [[2fvr]], [[2fvq]], [[2fvp]], [[1n4l]] - MmlvRT catalytic fragment residues 144-398 +DNA<br />
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| **[[2r2s]], [[2r2u]] – MmlvRT catalytic fragment residues 144-398 +DNA+Co Bleomycin<br />
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| **[[1ztt]] – MmlvRT catalytic fragment residues 144-398 +DNA+netropsin<br />
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| **[[3fsi]] – MmlvRT catalytic fragment residues 144-398 +DNA+trypanocidal<br />
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| **[[2hb5]] – MmlvRT RNAse domain residues 618-791<br />
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| **[[4xo0]], [[4xpc]], [[4xpe]], [[5vbs]], [[4m94]], [[4m95]], [[6b1q]], [[6b1r]], [[6b1s]] – MmlvRT catalytic fragment residues 683-937 +DNA<br />
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| **[[4mh8]] – MmlvRT P80 residues 683-1330 (mutant)<br />
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| **[[1i6j]], [[1d0e]], [[1d1u]], [[1qaj]], [[1qai]], [[6mih]], [[6mik]] – MmlvRT N-terminal+DNA<br />
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| *Xenotropic mulv-related virus reverse transcriptase
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| **[[3v1o]], [[3v1q]] – RNAse H domain<br />
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| **[[3v1r]] – RNAse H domain + inhibitor<br />
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| **[[4hkq]] – RT residues 658-1328 (mutant) + DNA + RNA<br />
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| *Telomerase reverse transcriptase see [[Telomerase]]
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| *other RT
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| **[[2lsn]] – RT – Simian foamy virus – NMR<br />
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| **[[4ol8]] - P55 (mutant) + RNA + DNA - yeast<br />
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| }}
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| ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
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