Amantadine: Difference between revisions
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< | <StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='Amantadine, also known as Symmetrel ([[2kqt]])' scene=Amantadine/Amantadine/1'> | ||
===Better Known as: Symmetrel=== | ===Better Known as: Symmetrel=== | ||
* Marketed By: Endo Pharmaceuticals | * Marketed By: Endo Pharmaceuticals | ||
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* 1994 Sales: N/A | * 1994 Sales: N/A | ||
* Importance: One of the the first treatments approved by the FDA and the first approved for treatment of [[Influenza]] Infections. Nearly 100% of influenza viruses had developed resistance to rimantadine, and it is no longer recommended as a treatment for the flu. Interestingly, in 1969 it was also discovered that Amantadine helped reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. | * Importance: One of the the first treatments approved by the FDA and the first approved for treatment of [[Influenza]] Infections. Nearly 100% of influenza viruses had developed resistance to rimantadine, and it is no longer recommended as a treatment for the flu. Interestingly, in 1969 it was also discovered that Amantadine helped reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. | ||
* | * See [[Pharmaceutical Drugs]] for more information about other drugs and disorders. | ||
* (<scene name="Amantadine/Amantadine/1">Restore initial scene</scene>). | |||
===Mechanism of Action=== | ===Mechanism of Action=== | ||
The [[Influenza]] A Virus viral envelope is dotted with various [[ion channels]] including [[M2 Proton Channel|M2 Proton Channels]]. The <scene name='Amantadine/M2/1'>M2 protein</scene> plays a critical role in the life cycle of the Influenza virus. It enables hydrogen ions to enter the virion form the endosome. The result of this is a more acidic environment within the virus, causing dissociation of the viral matrix protein M1 from the ribonucleoprotein RNP. Dissociation of the viral matrix protein is a crucial step in uncoating of the virus and exposing its contents to the cytoplasm of the host cell, allowing the virus to hijack the cellular machinery to replicate. <scene name='Amantadine/Bound/1'>Amantadine binds to the pore</scene> formed by the M2 protein, utilizing Val 27, Ala 30 and Ser 31 in each M2 protein chain, effectively disabling the protein from transferring protons into the viral particle. | The [[Influenza]] A Virus viral envelope is dotted with various [[ion channels]] including [[M2 Proton Channel|M2 Proton Channels]]. The <scene name='Amantadine/M2/1'>M2 protein</scene> plays a critical role in the life cycle of the Influenza virus. It enables hydrogen ions to enter the virion form the endosome. The result of this is a more acidic environment within the virus, causing dissociation of the viral matrix protein M1 from the ribonucleoprotein RNP. Dissociation of the viral matrix protein is a crucial step in uncoating of the virus and exposing its contents to the cytoplasm of the host cell, allowing the virus to hijack the cellular machinery to replicate. <scene name='Amantadine/Bound/1'>Amantadine binds to the pore</scene> formed by the M2 protein, utilizing Val 27, Ala 30 and Ser 31 in each M2 protein chain, effectively disabling the protein from transferring protons into the viral particle.<ref>PMID: 18235503</ref> | ||
</StructureSection> | |||
===Pharmacokinetics=== | ===Pharmacokinetics=== | ||
<table style="background: cellspacing="0px" align="" cellpadding="0px" width="42%"> | |||
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<td style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;border-width:0px; border-style:inset"> | |||
<div style="height:100%; width: 100%"> | |||
{{:M2 Proton Channel Inhibitor Pharmacokinetics}} | |||
</div> | |||
</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||