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== | ==The MUMO (minimal under-restraining minimal over-restraining) method for the determination of native states ensembles of proteins== | ||
[[2nr2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [ | <StructureSection load='2nr2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nr2]]' scene=''> | ||
== Structural highlights == | |||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nr2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NR2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NR2 FirstGlance]. <br> | |||
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nr2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nr2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nr2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nr2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nr2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nr2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Function == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC_HUMAN UBC_HUMAN] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.<ref>PMID:16543144</ref> <ref>PMID:19754430</ref> | |||
== Evolutionary Conservation == | |||
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | |||
Check<jmol> | |||
<jmolCheckbox> | |||
<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/nr/2nr2_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | |||
<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | |||
<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | |||
</jmolCheckbox> | |||
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2nr2 ConSurf]. | |||
<div style="clear:both"></div> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
While reliable procedures for determining the conformations of proteins are available, methods for generating ensembles of structures that also reflect their flexibility are much less well established. Here we present a systematic assessment of the ability of ensemble-averaged molecular dynamics simulations with ensemble-averaged NMR restraints to simultaneously reproduce the average structure of proteins and their associated dynamics. We discuss the effects that under-restraining (overfitting) and over-restraining (underfitting) have on the structures generated in ensemble-averaged molecular simulations. We then introduce the MUMO (minimal under-restraining minimal over-restraining) method, a procedure in which different observables are averaged over a different number of molecules. As both over-restraining and under-restraining are significantly reduced in the MUMO method, it is possible to generate ensembles of conformations that accurately characterize both the structure and the dynamics of native states of proteins. The application of the MUMO method to the protein ubiquitin yields a high-resolution structural ensemble with an RDC Q-factor of 0.19. | |||
The MUMO (minimal under-restraining minimal over-restraining) method for the determination of native state ensembles of proteins.,Richter B, Gsponer J, Varnai P, Salvatella X, Vendruscolo M J Biomol NMR. 2007 Feb;37(2):117-35. Epub 2007 Jan 16. PMID:17225069<ref>PMID:17225069</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="pdbe-citations 2nr2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[ | *[[3D structures of ubiquitin|3D structures of ubiquitin]] | ||
== References == | |||
== | <references/> | ||
< | __TOC__ | ||
</StructureSection> | |||
[[Category: Homo sapiens]] | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | ||
[[Category: Gsponer | [[Category: Large Structures]] | ||
[[Category: Richter | [[Category: Gsponer J]] | ||
[[Category: Salvatella | [[Category: Richter B]] | ||
[[Category: Varnai | [[Category: Salvatella X]] | ||
[[Category: Vendruscolo | [[Category: Varnai P]] | ||
[[Category: Vendruscolo M]] | |||