4a0m: Difference between revisions

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-[[Image:4a0m.png|left|200px]]
-<!--
+==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE FROM SPINACH IN COMPLEX WITH NAD==
-The line below this paragraph, containing "STRUCTURE_4a0m", creates the "Structure Box" on the page.
+<StructureSection load='4a0m' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4a0m]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.30&Aring;' scene=''>
-You may change the PDB parameter (which sets the PDB file loaded into the applet)
+== Structural highlights ==
-or the SCENE parameter (which sets the initial scene displayed when the page is loaded),
+<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4a0m]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinacia_oleracea Spinacia oleracea]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4A0M OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4A0M FirstGlance]. <br>
-or leave the SCENE parameter empty for the default display.
+</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.3&#8491;</td></tr>
--->
+<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAD:NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE'>NAD</scene></td></tr>
-{{STRUCTURE_4a0m|  PDB=4a0m  |  SCENE=  }}
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4a0m FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4a0m OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4a0m PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4a0m RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4a0m PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4a0m ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
+</table>
+== Function ==
+[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BADH_SPIOL BADH_SPIOL]
+<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
+== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
+Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase10 (ALDH10) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of omega-primary or omega-quaternary aminoaldehydes, but, intriguingly, only some of them, such as the spinach (Spinacia oleracea) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (SoBADH), efficiently oxidize betaine aldehyde (BAL) forming the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB), which confers tolerance to osmotic stress. The crystal structure of SoBADH reported here shows tyrosine (Tyr)-160, tryptophan (Trp)-167, Trp-285, and Trp-456 in an arrangement suitable for cation-pi interactions with the trimethylammonium group of BAL. Mutation of these residues to alanine (Ala) resulted in significant K(m)(BAL) increases and V(max)/K(m)(BAL) decreases, particularly in the Y160A mutant. Tyr-160 and Trp-456, strictly conserved in plant ALDH10s, form a pocket where the bulky trimethylammonium group binds. This space is reduced in ALDH10s with low BADH activity, because an isoleucine (Ile) pushes the Trp against the Tyr. Those with high BADH activity instead have Ala (Ala-441 in SoBADH) or cysteine, which allow enough room for binding of BAL. Accordingly, the mutation A441I decreased the V(max)/K(m)(BAL) of SoBADH approximately 200 times, while the mutation A441C had no effect. The kinetics with other omega-aminoaldehydes were not affected in the A441I or A441C mutant, demonstrating that the existence of an Ile in the second sphere of interaction of the aldehyde is critical for discriminating against BAL in some plant ALDH10s. A survey of the known sequences indicates that plants have two ALDH10 isoenzymes: those known to be GB accumulators have a high-BAL-affinity isoenzyme with Ala or cysteine in this critical position, while non GB accumulators have low-BAL-affinity isoenzymes containing Ile. Therefore, BADH activity appears to restrict GB synthesis in non-GB-accumulator plants.
-===CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE FROM SPINACH IN COMPLEX WITH NAD===
+Amino Acid Residues Critical for the Specificity for Betaine Aldehyde of the Plant ALDH10 Isoenzyme Involved in the Synthesis of Glycine Betaine.,Diaz-Sanchez AG, Gonzalez-Segura L, Mujica-Jimenez C, Rudino-Pinera E, Montiel C, Martinez-Castilla LP, Munoz-Clares RA Plant Physiol. 2012 Apr;158(4):1570-82. Epub 2012 Feb 16. PMID:22345508<ref>PMID:22345508</ref>
+From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
+</div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 4a0m" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
-<!--
+==See Also==
-The line below this paragraph, {{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22345508}}, adds the Publication Abstract to the page
+*[[Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures|Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
-(as it appears on PubMed at http://www.pubmed.gov), where 22345508 is the PubMed ID number.
+== References ==
--->
+<references/>
-{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22345508}}
+__TOC__
+</StructureSection>
-==About this Structure==
+[[Category: Large Structures]]
-[[4a0m]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinacia_oleracea Spinacia oleracea]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4A0M OCA].
-==Reference==
-<ref group="xtra">PMID:022345508</ref><references group="xtra"/>
-[[Category: Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase]]
 [[Category: Spinacia oleracea]]
-[[Category: Diaz-Sanchez, A G.]]
+[[Category: Diaz-Sanchez AG]]
-[[Category: Gonzalez-Segura, L.]]
+[[Category: Gonzalez-Segura L]]
-[[Category: Munoz-Clares, R A.]]
+[[Category: Munoz-Clares RA]]
-[[Category: Rudino-Pinera, E.]]
+[[Category: Rudino-Pinera E]]
-[[Category: Aldehyde oxidation]]
-[[Category: Nad complex]]
-[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]