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[[Image:1uxp.gif|left|200px]]


{{Structure
==Structural basis for allosteric regulation and substrate specificity of the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) from Thermoproteus tenax==
|PDB= 1uxp |SIZE=350|CAPTION= <scene name='initialview01'>1uxp</scene>, resolution 2.55&Aring;
<StructureSection load='1uxp' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1uxp]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.55&Aring;' scene=''>
|SITE= <scene name='pdbsite=AC1:Na+Binding+Site+For+Chain+A'>AC1</scene>
== Structural highlights ==
|LIGAND= <scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1uxp]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoproteus_tenax Thermoproteus tenax]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1UXP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1UXP FirstGlance]. <br>
|ACTIVITY= <span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate_dehydrogenase_(NADP(+)) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.2.1.9 1.2.1.9] </span>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.55&#8491;</td></tr>
|GENE=
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr>
|DOMAIN=
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1uxp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1uxp OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1uxp PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1uxp RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1uxp PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1uxp ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
|RELATEDENTRY=
</table>
|RESOURCES=<span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1uxp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1uxp OCA], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1uxp PDBsum], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1uxp RCSB]</span>
== Function ==
}}
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GAPN_THETE GAPN_THETE] Catalyzes the irreversible NAD(P)-dependent non-phosphorylating oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). It is highly specific for D-GAP.<ref>PMID:3121324</ref> <ref>PMID:9497334</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ux/1uxp_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1uxp ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) of the hyperthermophilic Archaeum Thermoproteus tenax is a member of the superfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH). GAPN catalyses the irreversible oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate in the modified glycolytic pathway of this organism. In contrast to other members of the ALDH superfamily, GAPN from T.tenax (Tt-GAPN) is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. In the NAD-dependent oxidation of GAP, glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP increase the affinity for the cosubstrate, whereas ATP, NADP, NADPH and NADH decrease it leaving, however, the catalytic rate virtually unaltered. As we show here, the enzyme also uses NADP as a cosubstrate, displaying, however, unusual discontinuous saturation kinetics indicating different cosubstrate affinities and/or reactivities of the four active sites of the protein tetramer caused by cooperative effects. Furthermore, in the NADP-dependent reaction the presence of activators decreases the overall S0.5 and increases Vmax by a factor of 3. To explore the structural basis for the different effects of both pyridine nucleotides we solved the crystal structure of Tt-GAPN in complex with NAD at 2.2 A resolution and compared it to the binary Tt-GAPN-NADPH structure. Although both pyridine nucleotides show a similar binding mode, NADPH appears to be more tightly bound to the protein via the 2' phosphate moiety. Moreover, we present four co-crystal structures with the activating molecules glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP determined at resolutions ranging from 2.3 A to 2.6 A. These crystal structures reveal a common regulatory site able to accommodate the different activators. A phosphate-binding pocket serves as an anchor point ensuring similar binding geometry. The observed conformational changes upon activator binding are discussed in terms of allosteric regulation. Furthermore, we present a crystal structure of Tt-GAPN in complex with the substrate D-GAP at 2.3 A resolution, which allows us to analyse the structural basis for substrate binding, the mechanism of catalysis as well as the stereoselectivity of the enzymatic reaction.


'''STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR ALLOSTERIC REGULATION AND SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF THE NON-PHOSPHORYLATING GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPN) FROM THERMOPROTEUS TENAX'''
Structural Basis of allosteric regulation and substrate specificity of the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermoproteus tenax.,Lorentzen E, Hensel R, Knura T, Ahmed H, Pohl E J Mol Biol. 2004 Aug 13;341(3):815-28. PMID:15288789<ref>PMID:15288789</ref>


From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1uxp" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Overview==
==See Also==
The non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) of the hyperthermophilic Archaeum Thermoproteus tenax is a member of the superfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH). GAPN catalyses the irreversible oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate in the modified glycolytic pathway of this organism. In contrast to other members of the ALDH superfamily, GAPN from T.tenax (Tt-GAPN) is regulated by a number of intermediates and metabolites. In the NAD-dependent oxidation of GAP, glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP increase the affinity for the cosubstrate, whereas ATP, NADP, NADPH and NADH decrease it leaving, however, the catalytic rate virtually unaltered. As we show here, the enzyme also uses NADP as a cosubstrate, displaying, however, unusual discontinuous saturation kinetics indicating different cosubstrate affinities and/or reactivities of the four active sites of the protein tetramer caused by cooperative effects. Furthermore, in the NADP-dependent reaction the presence of activators decreases the overall S0.5 and increases Vmax by a factor of 3. To explore the structural basis for the different effects of both pyridine nucleotides we solved the crystal structure of Tt-GAPN in complex with NAD at 2.2 A resolution and compared it to the binary Tt-GAPN-NADPH structure. Although both pyridine nucleotides show a similar binding mode, NADPH appears to be more tightly bound to the protein via the 2' phosphate moiety. Moreover, we present four co-crystal structures with the activating molecules glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, AMP and ADP determined at resolutions ranging from 2.3 A to 2.6 A. These crystal structures reveal a common regulatory site able to accommodate the different activators. A phosphate-binding pocket serves as an anchor point ensuring similar binding geometry. The observed conformational changes upon activator binding are discussed in terms of allosteric regulation. Furthermore, we present a crystal structure of Tt-GAPN in complex with the substrate D-GAP at 2.3 A resolution, which allows us to analyse the structural basis for substrate binding, the mechanism of catalysis as well as the stereoselectivity of the enzymatic reaction.
*[[Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures|Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
 
*[[Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3D structures|Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
==About this Structure==
== References ==
1UXP is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoproteus_tenax Thermoproteus tenax]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1UXP OCA].
<references/>
 
__TOC__
==Reference==
</StructureSection>
Structural Basis of allosteric regulation and substrate specificity of the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermoproteus tenax., Lorentzen E, Hensel R, Knura T, Ahmed H, Pohl E, J Mol Biol. 2004 Aug 13;341(3):815-28. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15288789 15288789]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Thermoproteus tenax]]
[[Category: Thermoproteus tenax]]
[[Category: Hensel, R.]]
[[Category: Hensel R]]
[[Category: Lorentzen, E.]]
[[Category: Lorentzen E]]
[[Category: Pohl, E.]]
[[Category: Pohl E]]
[[Category: adp]]
[[Category: aldh]]
[[Category: catalysis oxidoreductase]]
[[Category: gapn]]
[[Category: glycolysis]]
[[Category: regulation]]
 
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