SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations: Difference between revisions
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'''SARS-CoV-2''' stands for ''Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus 2''. The SARS-CoV-2 [[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein priming by furin|coronavirus]] causes '''COVID-19''' ('''CO'''rona '''VI'''rus '''D'''isease 20'''19'''). SARS-CoV-2 was numbered "2" because another coronavirus, [[SARS Coronavirus Main Proteinase|SARS-CoV, caused an epidemic in 2002-2003]]. The genes of SARS-CoV-2 are in [[RNA]]. Viruses with RNA genomes tend to mutate faster than do viruses with DNA genomes<ref "rnamut1">PMID: 30102691</ref><ref name="rnamut2">PMID: 26499340</ref>. For example, a new [[influenza]] vaccine is needed every year due to mutations, and a single drug against [[HIV]] quickly becomes ineffective due to mutations. It is no surprise that SARS-CoV-2 is mutating. | '''SARS-CoV-2''' stands for ''Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus 2''. The SARS-CoV-2 [[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein priming by furin|coronavirus]] causes '''COVID-19''' ('''CO'''rona '''VI'''rus '''D'''isease 20'''19'''). SARS-CoV-2 was numbered "2" because another coronavirus, [[SARS Coronavirus Main Proteinase|SARS-CoV, caused an epidemic in 2002-2003]]. The genes of SARS-CoV-2 are in [[RNA]]. Viruses with RNA genomes tend to mutate faster than do viruses with DNA genomes<ref "rnamut1">PMID: 30102691</ref><ref name="rnamut2">PMID: 26499340</ref>. For example, a new [[influenza]] vaccine is needed every year due to mutations, and a single drug against [[HIV]] quickly becomes ineffective due to mutations. It is no surprise that SARS-CoV-2 is mutating. | ||
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This page has not been updated since the greek letter terminology was introduced for variants, and it has not been updated since mid-2021. | |||
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<StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='' scene='87/870593/Spike_open/6'> | <StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='' scene='87/870593/Spike_open/6'> | ||
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By the end of December, 2020, B.1.1.7 had been detected in at least 18 countries<ref name="18countries">[https://www.businessinsider.com/new-coronavirus-variant-all-the-countries-where-its-been-identified-2020-12 These are all countries that have already reported cases of the new, possibly more infectious coronavirus variant from the UK], Business Insider, December 29, 2020.</ref>, plus the United States<ref name="usa1">[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/new-covid-uk-confirmed-us-colorado_n_5feba1fdc5b66809cb34f0f9 New COVID-19 Variant From U.K. Confirmed In U.S. For First Time], Huffington Post, December 29, 2020.</ref>. By January 18, 2021, B.1.1.7 infections were detected in 20 states of the United States<ref name="20states">[https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/transmission/variant-cases.html US COVID-19 Cases Caused by Variants], update of January 18, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.</ref>. By mid-February, 2021, B.1.1.7 was detected in 83 countries<ref name="b.1.1.7">[https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.1.7.html B.1.1.7 Report], PANGO Lineages, February 17, 2021.</ref>. | By the end of December, 2020, B.1.1.7 had been detected in at least 18 countries<ref name="18countries">[https://www.businessinsider.com/new-coronavirus-variant-all-the-countries-where-its-been-identified-2020-12 These are all countries that have already reported cases of the new, possibly more infectious coronavirus variant from the UK], Business Insider, December 29, 2020.</ref>, plus the United States<ref name="usa1">[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/new-covid-uk-confirmed-us-colorado_n_5feba1fdc5b66809cb34f0f9 New COVID-19 Variant From U.K. Confirmed In U.S. For First Time], Huffington Post, December 29, 2020.</ref>. By January 18, 2021, B.1.1.7 infections were detected in 20 states of the United States<ref name="20states">[https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/transmission/variant-cases.html US COVID-19 Cases Caused by Variants], update of January 18, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA.</ref>. By mid-February, 2021, B.1.1.7 was detected in 83 countries<ref name="b.1.1.7">[https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.1.7.html B.1.1.7 Report], PANGO Lineages, February 17, 2021.</ref>. | ||
Children, not yet vaccinated, are a dangerous reservoir of variants, according to evidence presented in May, 2021<ref name="children">[https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.22.21257660v1 Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in the pediatric population of the United States], a preprint posted May 24, 2021.</ref>. | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
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*March 30, 2021: Cited announcement that the UK will start variant-adapted boosters in September, 2021<ref name="ukboosters" />. | *March 30, 2021: Cited announcement that the UK will start variant-adapted boosters in September, 2021<ref name="ukboosters" />. | ||
*May 4, 2021: Added information about B.1.617 and the surge in India with several new references. | *May 4, 2021: Added information about B.1.617 and the surge in India with several new references. | ||
*May 24, 2021: Added evidence that unvaccinated children are a reservoir of variants<ref name="children" />. | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||