Antagonists: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='4dkl' size=' | <StructureSection load='4dkl' size='340' side='right' caption='Crystal structure of the mu-opioid receptor bound to a morphinan antagonist, cholesterol, PEG 400, sulfate, mono-oleoyl-glycerol and Cl- ion (PDB entry [[4dkl]])' scene=4dkl/Overall_structure/1''> | ||
''' | See also [[Types of ligands]] and [[Signal transduction]]. | ||
Ligands that bind to a receptor but fail to activate the physiological response are receptor '''antagonists'''. | |||
'''Competitive antagonists''' bind to receptors at the same binding site (active site) as the endogenous ligand or agonist, but without activating the receptor. Agonists and antagonists "compete" for the same binding site on the receptor. Naloxone (also known as Narcan) is used to reverse opioid overdose caused by drugs such as heroin or morphine ([[μ Opioid Receptors]]). | |||
*[[Mu Opioid Receptor Bound to a Morphinan Antagonist]] | *[[Mu Opioid Receptor Bound to a Morphinan Antagonist]] | ||
*<scene name='User:Wayne_Decatur/Sandbox_Glutamate_receptor/Lbd_domain/4'>The ligand-binding domain (LBD)</scene> participates directly in agonist/competitive antagonist binding, affects activation gating, and is the portion that forms the 'middle' layer. | |||
::<scene name='User:Wayne_Decatur/Sandbox_Glutamate_receptor/Lbd_zk1/2'>The competitive antagonist ZK200775 is bound to the LBD</scene> in the structure of [[Glutamate receptor (GluA2)]]. | |||
::The small molecule <scene name='User:Wayne_Decatur/Sandbox_Glutamate_receptor/Zk1_zoom/1'>ZK200775, a phosphonate quinoxalinedione AMPA antagonist</scene><ref>PMID: 9724812</ref>, was studied as a treatment for stroke because it had demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy in experimental models of stroke and tolerability in healthy volunteers; however, in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial, it was found to have significant sedative effects in patients with acute stroke which precludes its further development as a neuroprotective agent<ref>PMID: 16131799</ref>. | |||
'''Physiological antagonists''', substances that have opposing physiological actions, but act at different receptors. For example, histamine lowers arterial pressure through vasodilation at the [[histamine H1 receptor]], while adrenaline raises arterial pressure through vasoconstriction mediated by alpha-[[adrenergic receptor]] activation. | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||