4mkp: Difference between revisions
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The | ==Crystal structure of human cGAS apo form== | ||
<StructureSection load='4mkp' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4mkp]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.95Å' scene=''> | |||
== Structural highlights == | |||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4mkp]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4MKP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4MKP FirstGlance]. <br> | |||
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.953Å</td></tr> | |||
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4mkp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4mkp OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4mkp PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4mkp RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4mkp PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4mkp ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Function == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CGAS_HUMAN CGAS_HUMAN] Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and exhibits antiviral activity. Has antiviral activity by acting as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses. Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production.<ref>PMID:21478870</ref> <ref>PMID:23258413</ref> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
The detection of cytosolic DNA, derived from pathogens or host cells, by cytosolic receptors is essential for appropriate host immune responses. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a newly identified cytosolic DNA receptor that produces cyclic GMP-AMP, which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), resulting in TBK1-IRF3 pathway activation followed by the production of type I interferons. Here we report the crystal structure of human cGAS. The structure revealed that a cluster of lysine and arginine residues forms the positively charged DNA binding surface of human cGAS, which is important for the STING-dependent immune activation. A structural comparison with other previously determined cGASs and our functional analyses suggested that a conserved zinc finger motif and a leucine residue on the DNA binding surface are crucial for the DNA-specific immune response of human cGAS, consistent with previous work. These structural features properly orient the DNA binding to cGAS, which is critical for DNA-induced cGAS activation and STING-dependent immune activation. Furthermore, we showed that the cGAS-induced activation of STING also involves the activation of the NF-kappaB and IRF3 pathways. Our results indicated that cGAS is a DNA sensor that efficiently activates the host immune system by inducing two distinct pathways. | |||
Structural and Functional Analyses of DNA-Sensing and Immune Activation by Human cGAS.,Kato K, Ishii R, Goto E, Ishitani R, Tokunaga F, Nureki O PLoS One. 2013 Oct 7;8(10):e76983. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076983. PMID:24116191<ref>PMID:24116191</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="pdbe-citations 4mkp" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | |||
==See Also== | |||
*[[Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase 3D synthase|Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase 3D synthase]] | |||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
__TOC__ | |||
</StructureSection> | |||
[[Category: Homo sapiens]] | |||
[[Category: Large Structures]] | |||
[[Category: Ishii R]] | |||
[[Category: Ishitani R]] | |||
[[Category: Kato K]] | |||
[[Category: Nureki O]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:43, 8 November 2023
Crystal structure of human cGAS apo formCrystal structure of human cGAS apo form
Structural highlights
FunctionCGAS_HUMAN Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and exhibits antiviral activity. Has antiviral activity by acting as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses. Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production.[1] [2] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe detection of cytosolic DNA, derived from pathogens or host cells, by cytosolic receptors is essential for appropriate host immune responses. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a newly identified cytosolic DNA receptor that produces cyclic GMP-AMP, which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), resulting in TBK1-IRF3 pathway activation followed by the production of type I interferons. Here we report the crystal structure of human cGAS. The structure revealed that a cluster of lysine and arginine residues forms the positively charged DNA binding surface of human cGAS, which is important for the STING-dependent immune activation. A structural comparison with other previously determined cGASs and our functional analyses suggested that a conserved zinc finger motif and a leucine residue on the DNA binding surface are crucial for the DNA-specific immune response of human cGAS, consistent with previous work. These structural features properly orient the DNA binding to cGAS, which is critical for DNA-induced cGAS activation and STING-dependent immune activation. Furthermore, we showed that the cGAS-induced activation of STING also involves the activation of the NF-kappaB and IRF3 pathways. Our results indicated that cGAS is a DNA sensor that efficiently activates the host immune system by inducing two distinct pathways. Structural and Functional Analyses of DNA-Sensing and Immune Activation by Human cGAS.,Kato K, Ishii R, Goto E, Ishitani R, Tokunaga F, Nureki O PLoS One. 2013 Oct 7;8(10):e76983. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076983. PMID:24116191[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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