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| <StructureSection load='3u70' size='340' side='right' caption='Glycosylated type 1 ribosome inactivating protein from bitter gourd complex with adenine and glycerol (PDB code [[3u70]])' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Ribosome inactivating protein from pokeweed complex with adenine (PDB code [[1qci]])' scene='70/706276/Cv/1'> |
| '''Ribosome inactivating protein''' (RIP) is a bacterial or plant toxin which inhibits protein synthesis. RIP inactivates the ribosomal 60S subunit by N-glycosidic cleavage which results in releasing a specific adenine from 28S rRNA. Type 1 RIP has a single chain, while type 2 RIP has two chains. Enhanced expression of RIP in plants confers an increased resistance to virus, fungi, insects, drought and salinity.
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| == Function == | | == Function == |
| | | '''Ribosome inactivating protein''' (RIP) is a bacterial or plant toxin which inhibits protein synthesis. RIP inactivates the ribosomal 60S subunit by N-glycosidic cleavage which results in releasing a specific adenine from 28S rRNA<ref>PMID:3510899</ref>. '''Type 1 RIP''' have a single chain, while '''type 2 RIP''' (i.e., ricin, ebulin and nigrin) have two chains. '''Momorcharin''' is a RIP isolated from several plants<ref>PMID:23777339</ref>. '''Trichosanthin''' is a RIP isolated from snake gourd<ref>PMID:15804517</ref>. |
| == Disease ==
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| == Relevance == | | == Relevance == |
| | | RIP is being investigated as an immunotoxin for cancer treatment. Besides the anti-tumor activity of RIP, it was shown to have antiviral, antifungal, insecticidal, ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease activities. Enhanced expression of RIP in plants confers an increased resistance to virus, fungi, insects, drought and salinity. α-momorcharin has potent inhibitory effect on some cancer cells<ref>PMID:8026716</ref>. |
| RIP is being investigated as an immunotoxin for cancer treatment. Besides the anti-tumor activity of RIP, it was shown to have antiviral, antifungal, insecticidal, ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease activities. | |
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| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| | | The <scene name='70/706276/Cv/3'>active site of pokeweed RIP contains adenine</scene><ref>PMID:10493577</ref>. Water molecules are shown as red spheres. |
| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
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| == 3D Structures of ribosome inactivating protein == | | == 3D Structures of ribosome inactivating protein == |
| | [[Ribosome inactivating protein 3D structures]] |
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| Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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| {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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| *Pokeweed ribosome inactivating protein
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| **[[1apa]], [[1paf]], [[1pag]], [[1qcg]] – apRIP – american pokeweed <br />
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| **[[1j1q]], [[1gik]] – apRIP-S<br />
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| **[[1j1r]] – apRIP-S + adenine<br />
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| **[[1j1s]] – apRIP-S + formycin<br />
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| **[[1qci]] – apRIP + adenine<br />
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| **[[1d6a]] – apRIP + guanine<br />
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| **[[1qcj]] – apRIP + pteoric acid<br />
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| **[[1lln]] – apRIP-3 + methylated lysine<br />
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| *Dianthin 30 ribosome inactivating protein
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| **[[1lp8]], [[1rl0]] – cpRIP – clove pink<br />
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| **[[1lpc]] – cpRIP + cAMP<br />
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| **[[1lpd]] – cpRIP + adenine<br />
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| *Type 1 ribosome inactivating protein
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| **[[2g5x]] – RIP – scarlet lychnis<br />
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| **[[3ctk]] – RIP – bougainvillea<br />
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| **[[3mrw]], [[3s9q]], [[4kmk]], [[4kwn]], [[4l66]] – bgRIP – bitter gourd<br />
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| *Type 1 ribosome inactivating protein complex with nucleotide
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| **[[3mry]] – bgRIP + aminopurine<br />
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| **[[4kpv]] – bgRIP + pyrimidine derivative<br />
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| **[[3rl9]], [[3u6z]], [[3u70]], [[3v2k]] – bgRIP + adenine<br />
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| **[[4dwm]], [[4rzj]] – bgRIP + NAG<br />
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| **[[3n1n]], [[3my6]] – baRIP + guanine – balsam apple <br />
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| **[[4f9n]], [[4i47]] – bgRIP + guanine<br />
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| **[[4fpz]], [[4o0o]] – bgRIP + uracil derivative<br />
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| **[[4g2x]], [[4k6p]], [[4ztw]] – bgRIP + cytidine<br />
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| **[[4kjh]], [[4zt8]] – bgRIP + cytosine<br />
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| **[[4k6q]], [[4zu0]] – bgRIP + CMP<br />
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| **[[4qgj]], [[4z44]] – bgRIP + CDP<br />
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| **[[4k6s]], [[4zz6]] – bgRIP + CTP<br />
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| **[[4o4q]] – bgRIP + UDP<br />
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| **[[4o8e]] – bgRIP + UTP<br />
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| **[[4q9f]] – bgRIP + GMP<br />
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| **[[3q4p]], [[3qji]], [[4emf]], [[4emr]] – bgRIP + guanosine derivative<br />
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| *Type 1 ribosome inactivating protein complex with peptide
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| **[[4fxa]], [[4lt4]], [[4m5a]] – bgRIP + arginine derivative<br />
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| **[[3n3x]] – baRIP + polypeptide <br />
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| **[[3n2d]] – bgRIP + polypeptide <br />
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| *Type 1 ribosome inactivating protein other complexes
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| **[[3n31]], [[3n5d]], [[3n31]], [[3nfm]], [[3njs]], [[3nx9]], [[3n1d]] – baRIP + sugar <br />
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| **[[3v14]], [[4fz9]], [[4guw]], [[4hoa]] – bgRIP + sugar <br />
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| **[[4lro]] – bgRIP + spermidine<br />
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| **[[3sj6]] – bgRIP + oxalane derivative<br />
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| **[[3u6t]] – bgRIP + kanamycin<br />
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| **[[3u8f]] – bgRIP + mycolic acid<br />
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| **[[4h0z]] – bgRIP + acetyl-muramic acid<br />
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| **[[4jtp]] – bgRIP + ascorbic acid<br />
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| **[[4k2z]] – bgRIP + methylethylamine<br />
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| **[[4kl4]] – bgRIP + PEG<br />
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| **[[4jtb]] – bgRIP + phosphate<br />
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| **[[4lwx]] – bgRIP + peptidoglycan<br />
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| **[[4yp2]] – bgRIP + nicotinamide<br />
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| *Momorcharin
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| **[[1f8q]], [[1aha]], [[1ahb]], [[1ahc]], [[1mri]] – bpα-RIP – balsam pear <br />
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| **[[1mrg]] – bpα-RIP + adenosine <br />
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| **[[1mrh]] – bpα-RIP + formycin<br />
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| **[[1cf5]] – bpβ-RIP <br />
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| }}
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| | [[Category:Topic Page]] |