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==Crystal structures of prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase (AKR1C3) in complex with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and indomethacin== | |||
<StructureSection load='1s1r' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1s1r]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00Å' scene=''> | |||
== Structural highlights == | |||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1s1r]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1S1R OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1S1R FirstGlance]. <br> | |||
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2Å</td></tr> | |||
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MPD:(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL'>MPD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1s1r FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1s1r OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1s1r PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1s1r RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1s1r PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1s1r ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Function == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AK1C3_HUMAN AK1C3_HUMAN] Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2. Functions as a bi-directional 3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. Can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate inactive metabolites. Preferentially transforms androstenedione (4-dione) to testosterone. | |||
== Evolutionary Conservation == | |||
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | |||
Check<jmol> | |||
<jmolCheckbox> | |||
<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/s1/1s1r_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | |||
<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | |||
<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | |||
</jmolCheckbox> | |||
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1s1r ConSurf]. | |||
<div style="clear:both"></div> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
It is becoming increasingly well established that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) protect against tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and that they may also protect against a variety of other tumors. These activities have been widely attributed to the inhibition of cylooxygenases (COX) and, in particular, COX-2. However, several observations have indicated that other targets may be involved. Besides targeting COX, certain NSAID also inhibit enzymes belonging to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family, including AKR1C3. We have demonstrated previously that overexpression of AKR1C3 acts to suppress cell differentiation and promote proliferation in myeloid cells. However, this enzyme has a broad tissue distribution and therefore represents a novel candidate for the target of the COX-independent antineoplastic actions of NSAID. Here we report on the X-ray crystal structures of AKR1C3 complexed with the NSAID indomethacin (1.8 A resolution) or flufenamic acid (1.7 A resolution). One molecule of indomethacin is bound in the active site, whereas flufenamic acid binds to both the active site and the beta-hairpin loop, at the opposite end of the central beta-barrel. Two other crystal structures (1.20 and 2.1 A resolution) show acetate bound in the active site occupying the proposed oxyanion hole. The data underline AKR1C3 as a COX-independent target for NSAID and will provide a structural basis for the future development of new cancer therapies with reduced COX-dependent side effects. | |||
Crystal structures of prostaglandin D(2) 11-ketoreductase (AKR1C3) in complex with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and indomethacin.,Lovering AL, Ride JP, Bunce CM, Desmond JC, Cummings SM, White SA Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 1;64(5):1802-10. PMID:14996743<ref>PMID:14996743</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
<div class="pdbe-citations 1s1r" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | |||
== | ==See Also== | ||
[[ | *[[Prostaglandin F synthase 3D structures|Prostaglandin F synthase 3D structures]] | ||
== References == | |||
== | <references/> | ||
< | __TOC__ | ||
</StructureSection> | |||
[[Category: Homo sapiens]] | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Large Structures]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Bunce CM]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Cummings SM]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Desmond JC]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Lovering AL]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Ride JP]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: White SA]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:25, 25 October 2023
Crystal structures of prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase (AKR1C3) in complex with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and indomethacinCrystal structures of prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase (AKR1C3) in complex with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and indomethacin
Structural highlights
FunctionAK1C3_HUMAN Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2. Functions as a bi-directional 3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. Can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate inactive metabolites. Preferentially transforms androstenedione (4-dione) to testosterone. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedIt is becoming increasingly well established that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) protect against tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and that they may also protect against a variety of other tumors. These activities have been widely attributed to the inhibition of cylooxygenases (COX) and, in particular, COX-2. However, several observations have indicated that other targets may be involved. Besides targeting COX, certain NSAID also inhibit enzymes belonging to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family, including AKR1C3. We have demonstrated previously that overexpression of AKR1C3 acts to suppress cell differentiation and promote proliferation in myeloid cells. However, this enzyme has a broad tissue distribution and therefore represents a novel candidate for the target of the COX-independent antineoplastic actions of NSAID. Here we report on the X-ray crystal structures of AKR1C3 complexed with the NSAID indomethacin (1.8 A resolution) or flufenamic acid (1.7 A resolution). One molecule of indomethacin is bound in the active site, whereas flufenamic acid binds to both the active site and the beta-hairpin loop, at the opposite end of the central beta-barrel. Two other crystal structures (1.20 and 2.1 A resolution) show acetate bound in the active site occupying the proposed oxyanion hole. The data underline AKR1C3 as a COX-independent target for NSAID and will provide a structural basis for the future development of new cancer therapies with reduced COX-dependent side effects. Crystal structures of prostaglandin D(2) 11-ketoreductase (AKR1C3) in complex with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and indomethacin.,Lovering AL, Ride JP, Bunce CM, Desmond JC, Cummings SM, White SA Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 1;64(5):1802-10. PMID:14996743[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences |
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