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==Crystal structure of ternary complex of the catalytic domain of human phenylalanine hydroxylase ((FeII)) complexed with tetrahydrobiopterin and thienylalanine==
==Crystal structure of ternary complex of the catalytic domain of human phenylalanine hydroxylase ((FeII)) complexed with tetrahydrobiopterin and thienylalanine==
<StructureSection load='1mmk' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1mmk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1mmk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1mmk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1mmk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1MMK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1MMK FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1mmk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1MMK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1MMK FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FE2:FE+(II)+ION'>FE2</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=H4B:5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN'>H4B</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TIH:BETA(2-THIENYL)ALANINE'>TIH</scene><br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1kw0|1kw0]], [[1mmt|1mmt]], [[1j8u|1j8u]], [[1j8t|1j8t]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FE2:FE+(II)+ION'>FE2</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=H4B:5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN'>H4B</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TIH:BETA(2-THIENYL)ALANINE'>TIH</scene></td></tr>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PAH ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1mmk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1mmk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1mmk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1mmk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1mmk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1mmk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_4-monooxygenase Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.14.16.1 1.14.16.1] </span></td></tr>
</table>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1mmk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1mmk OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1mmk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1mmk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PH4H_HUMAN PH4H_HUMAN]] Defects in PAH are the cause of phenylketonuria (PKU) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/261600 261600]]. PKU is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism, due to severe phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. It is characterized by blood concentrations of phenylalanine persistently above 1200 mumol (normal concentration 100 mumol) which usually causes mental retardation (unless low phenylalanine diet is introduced early in life). They tend to have light pigmentation, rashes similar to eczema, epilepsy, extreme hyperactivity, psychotic states and an unpleasant 'mousy' odor.<ref>PMID:8594560</ref> <ref>PMID:2840952</ref> <ref>PMID:2564729</ref> <ref>PMID:2615649</ref> <ref>PMID:1975559</ref> <ref>PMID:1671810</ref> <ref>PMID:2014802</ref> <ref>PMID:1672294</ref> <ref>PMID:1672290</ref> <ref>PMID:1679030</ref> <ref>PMID:1709636</ref> <ref>PMID:1355066</ref> <ref>PMID:1363837</ref> <ref>PMID:1363838</ref> <ref>PMID:8406445</ref> <ref>PMID:8068076</ref> <ref>PMID:7833954</ref> <ref>PMID:8889583</ref> <ref>PMID:8889590</ref> <ref>PMID:9048935</ref> <ref>PMID:9101291</ref> <ref>PMID:9521426</ref> <ref>PMID:9600453</ref> <ref>PMID:10200057</ref> <ref>PMID:9452061</ref> <ref>PMID:9452062</ref> <ref>PMID:9792407</ref> <ref>PMID:9792411</ref> <ref>PMID:9950317</ref> <ref>PMID:10679941</ref> <ref>PMID:11326337</ref> <ref>PMID:11180595</ref> <ref>PMID:11385716</ref> <ref>PMID:11461196</ref> <ref>PMID:12501224</ref> <ref>PMID:18538294</ref> <ref>PMID:22526846</ref> <ref>PMID:22513348</ref>  Defects in PAH are the cause of non-phenylketonuria hyperphenylalaninemia (Non-PKU HPA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/261600 261600]]. Non-PKU HPA is a mild form of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency characterized by phenylalanine levels persistently below 600 mumol, which allows normal intellectual and behavioral development without treatment. Non-PKU HPA is usually caused by the combined effect of a mild hyperphenylalaninemia mutation and a severe one.  Defects in PAH are the cause of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/261600 261600]]. HPA is the mildest form of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.<ref>PMID:9521426</ref> <ref>PMID:11385716</ref> <ref>PMID:12501224</ref> <ref>PMID:1358789</ref> <ref>PMID:8098245</ref> <ref>PMID:8088845</ref> <ref>PMID:9852673</ref> <ref>PMID:11935335</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PH4H_HUMAN PH4H_HUMAN] Defects in PAH are the cause of phenylketonuria (PKU) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/261600 261600]. PKU is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism, due to severe phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. It is characterized by blood concentrations of phenylalanine persistently above 1200 mumol (normal concentration 100 mumol) which usually causes mental retardation (unless low phenylalanine diet is introduced early in life). They tend to have light pigmentation, rashes similar to eczema, epilepsy, extreme hyperactivity, psychotic states and an unpleasant 'mousy' odor.<ref>PMID:8594560</ref> <ref>PMID:2840952</ref> <ref>PMID:2564729</ref> <ref>PMID:2615649</ref> <ref>PMID:1975559</ref> <ref>PMID:1671810</ref> <ref>PMID:2014802</ref> <ref>PMID:1672294</ref> <ref>PMID:1672290</ref> <ref>PMID:1679030</ref> <ref>PMID:1709636</ref> <ref>PMID:1355066</ref> <ref>PMID:1363837</ref> <ref>PMID:1363838</ref> <ref>PMID:8406445</ref> <ref>PMID:8068076</ref> <ref>PMID:7833954</ref> <ref>PMID:8889583</ref> <ref>PMID:8889590</ref> <ref>PMID:9048935</ref> <ref>PMID:9101291</ref> <ref>PMID:9521426</ref> <ref>PMID:9600453</ref> <ref>PMID:10200057</ref> <ref>PMID:9452061</ref> <ref>PMID:9452062</ref> <ref>PMID:9792407</ref> <ref>PMID:9792411</ref> <ref>PMID:9950317</ref> <ref>PMID:10679941</ref> <ref>PMID:11326337</ref> <ref>PMID:11180595</ref> <ref>PMID:11385716</ref> <ref>PMID:11461196</ref> <ref>PMID:12501224</ref> <ref>PMID:18538294</ref> <ref>PMID:22526846</ref> <ref>PMID:22513348</ref>  Defects in PAH are the cause of non-phenylketonuria hyperphenylalaninemia (Non-PKU HPA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/261600 261600]. Non-PKU HPA is a mild form of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency characterized by phenylalanine levels persistently below 600 mumol, which allows normal intellectual and behavioral development without treatment. Non-PKU HPA is usually caused by the combined effect of a mild hyperphenylalaninemia mutation and a severe one.  Defects in PAH are the cause of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/261600 261600]. HPA is the mildest form of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.<ref>PMID:9521426</ref> <ref>PMID:11385716</ref> <ref>PMID:12501224</ref> <ref>PMID:1358789</ref> <ref>PMID:8098245</ref> <ref>PMID:8088845</ref> <ref>PMID:9852673</ref> <ref>PMID:11935335</ref>  
== Function ==
== Function ==
 
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PH4H_HUMAN PH4H_HUMAN]
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
Check<jmol>
   <jmolCheckbox>
   <jmolCheckbox>
     <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/mm/1mmk_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/mm/1mmk_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
     <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
   </jmolCheckbox>
   </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1mmk ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1mmk" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Phenylalanine hydroxylase|Phenylalanine hydroxylase]]
*[[Hydroxylases 3D structures|Hydroxylases 3D structures]]
*[[Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 with bound tryptophan|Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 with bound tryptophan]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Andersen, O A.]]
[[Category: Andersen OA]]
[[Category: Flatmark, T.]]
[[Category: Flatmark T]]
[[Category: Hough, E.]]
[[Category: Hough E]]
[[Category: 13 alpha-helice]]
[[Category: 8 beta-strand]]
[[Category: Basket-arrangement]]
[[Category: Ferrous iron]]
[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]

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