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==The structure of oxidized rat cytochrome c (T28A) at 1.362 angstroms resolution.==
==The structure of oxidized rat cytochrome c (T28A) at 1.362 angstroms resolution.==
<StructureSection load='5c9m' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5c9m]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.36&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='5c9m' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5c9m]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.36&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5c9m]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_rat Buffalo rat]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5C9M OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5C9M FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5c9m]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus Rattus norvegicus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5C9M OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5C9M FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FC6:HEXACYANOFERRATE(3-)'>FC6</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEC:HEME+C'>HEC</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.362&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5c0z|5c0z]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FC6:HEXACYANOFERRATE(3-)'>FC6</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEC:HEME+C'>HEC</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Cycs ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10116 Buffalo rat])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5c9m FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5c9m OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5c9m PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5c9m RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5c9m PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5c9m ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5c9m FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5c9m OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5c9m PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5c9m RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5c9m PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5c9m ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYC_RAT CYC_RAT]] Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.  Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity).
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYC_RAT CYC_RAT] Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.  Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity).
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Mammalian cytochrome c (Cytc) transfers electrons from the bc(1) complex to cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) as part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and it also participates in type II apoptosis. Our recent discovery of two tyrosine phosphorylation sites in Cytc, Tyr97 in bovine heart and Tyr48 in bovine liver, indicates that Cytc functions are regulated through cell signaling. To characterize the role of Cytc tyrosine phosphorylation in detail using an independent approach, we here overexpressed and purified a Tyr48Glu mutant Cytc, mimicking the in vivo Tyr48 phosphorylation found in cow liver, along with wild-type and Tyr48Phe variants as controls. The midpoint redox potential of the phosphomimetic mutant was decreased by 45 mV compared to control (192 vs 237 mV). Similar to Tyr48 in vivo phosphorylated Cytc, direct kinetic analysis of the Cytc reaction with isolated CcO revealed decreased V(max) for the Tyr48Glu mutant by 30% compared to wild type or the Tyr48Phe variants. Moreover, the phosphomimetic substitution resulted in major changes of Cytc functions related to apoptosis. The binding affinity of Tyr48Glu Cytc to cardiolipin was decreased by about 30% compared to wild type or the Tyr48Phe variants, and Cytc peroxidase activity of the Tyr48Glu mutant was cardiolipin-inducible only at high cardiolipin concentration, unlike controls. Importantly, the Tyr48Glu Cytc failed to induce any detectable downstream activation of caspase-3. Our data suggest that in vivo Tyr48 phosphorylation might serve as an antiapoptotic switch and highlight the strategic position and role of the conserved Cytc residue Tyr48 in regulating multiple functions of Cytc.


Phosphomimetic substitution of cytochrome C tyrosine 48 decreases respiration and binding to cardiolipin and abolishes ability to trigger downstream caspase activation.,Pecina P, Borisenko GG, Belikova NA, Tyurina YY, Pecinova A, Lee I, Samhan-Arias AK, Przyklenk K, Kagan VE, Huttemann M Biochemistry. 2010 Aug 10;49(31):6705-14. doi: 10.1021/bi100486s. PMID:20586425<ref>PMID:20586425</ref>
==See Also==
 
*[[Cytochrome C 3D structures|Cytochrome C 3D structures]]
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5c9m" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Buffalo rat]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Brunzelle, J S]]
[[Category: Rattus norvegicus]]
[[Category: Edwards, B F.P]]
[[Category: Brunzelle JS]]
[[Category: Huttemann, M]]
[[Category: Edwards BFP]]
[[Category: Mahapatra, G]]
[[Category: Huttemann M]]
[[Category: Vaishnav, A A]]
[[Category: Mahapatra G]]
[[Category: Cytochrome c oxidized rat mutant]]
[[Category: Vaishnav AA]]
[[Category: Electron transport]]

Latest revision as of 11:36, 27 September 2023

The structure of oxidized rat cytochrome c (T28A) at 1.362 angstroms resolution.The structure of oxidized rat cytochrome c (T28A) at 1.362 angstroms resolution.

Structural highlights

5c9m is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Rattus norvegicus. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 1.362Å
Ligands:,
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

CYC_RAT Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity).

See Also

5c9m, resolution 1.36Å

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