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==Crystal Structure of Protein Phosphate 1 complexed with PP1 binding domain of GADD34==
==Crystal Structure of Protein Phosphate 1 complexed with PP1 binding domain of GADD34==
<StructureSection load='4xpn' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4xpn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.29&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='4xpn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4xpn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.29&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4xpn]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4XPN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4XPN FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4xpn]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4XPN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4XPN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.285&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoprotein_phosphatase Phosphoprotein phosphatase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.1.3.16 3.1.3.16] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4xpn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4xpn OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4xpn RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4xpn PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4xpn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4xpn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4xpn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4xpn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4xpn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4xpn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PP1A_HUMAN PP1A_HUMAN]] Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. Regulates NEK2 function in terms of kinase activity and centrosome number and splitting, both in the presence and absence of radiation-induced DNA damage. Regulator of neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development.<ref>PMID:17283141</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PR15A_HUMAN PR15A_HUMAN]] Recruits the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 to dephosphorylate the translation initiation factor eIF-2A/EIF2S1, thereby reversing the shut-off of protein synthesis initiated by stress-inducible kinases and facilitating recovery of cells from stress. Down-regulates the TGF-beta signaling pathway by promoting dephosphorylation of TGFB1 by PP1. May promote apoptosis by inducing TP53 phosphorylation on 'Ser-15'.<ref>PMID:11564868</ref> <ref>PMID:12556489</ref> <ref>PMID:14635196</ref> <ref>PMID:14718519</ref> <ref>PMID:8139541</ref>
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PR15A_HUMAN PR15A_HUMAN] Recruits the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 to dephosphorylate the translation initiation factor eIF-2A/EIF2S1, thereby reversing the shut-off of protein synthesis initiated by stress-inducible kinases and facilitating recovery of cells from stress. Down-regulates the TGF-beta signaling pathway by promoting dephosphorylation of TGFB1 by PP1. May promote apoptosis by inducing TP53 phosphorylation on 'Ser-15'.<ref>PMID:11564868</ref> <ref>PMID:12556489</ref> <ref>PMID:14635196</ref> <ref>PMID:14718519</ref> <ref>PMID:8139541</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The attenuation of protein synthesis via the phosphorylation of eIF2alpha is a major stress response of all eukaryotic cells. The growth-arrest- and DNA-damage-induced transcript 34 (GADD34) bound to the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is the necessary eIF2alpha phosphatase complex that returns mammalian cells to normal protein synthesis following stress. The molecular basis by which GADD34 recruits PP1 and its substrate eIF2alpha are not fully understood, hindering our understanding of the remarkable selectivity of the GADD34:PP1 phosphatase for eIF2alpha. Here, we report detailed structural and functional analyses of the GADD34:PP1 holoenzyme and its recruitment of eIF2alpha. The data highlight independent interactions of PP1 and eIF2alpha with GADD34, demonstrating that GADD34 functions as a scaffold both in vitro and in cells. This work greatly enhances our molecular understanding of a major cellular eIF2alpha phosphatase and establishes the foundation for future translational work.
 
Structural and Functional Analysis of the GADD34:PP1 eIF2alpha Phosphatase.,Choy MS, Yusoff P, Lee IC, Newton JC, Goh CW, Page R, Shenolikar S, Peti W Cell Rep. 2015 Jun 30;11(12):1885-91. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.043. Epub, 2015 Jun 18. PMID:26095357<ref>PMID:26095357</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4xpn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 
==See Also==
*[[Protein phosphatase 3D structures|Protein phosphatase 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Phosphoprotein phosphatase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Choy, M S]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Page, R]]
[[Category: Choy MS]]
[[Category: Peti, W]]
[[Category: Page R]]
[[Category: Eif2alpha phosphatase]]
[[Category: Peti W]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Pp1 regulator]]

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