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[[Image:2qps.jpg|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2qps|  PDB=2qps  |  SCENE=  }}
'''"Sugar tongs" mutant Y380A in complex with acarbose'''


=="Sugar tongs" mutant Y380A in complex with acarbose==
<StructureSection load='2qps' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2qps]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2qps]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordeum_vulgare Hordeum vulgare]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2QPS OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2QPS FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2qps FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2qps OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2qps PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2qps RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2qps PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2qps ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AMY1_HORVU AMY1_HORVU]
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/qp/2qps_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2qps ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Some starch-degrading enzymes accommodate carbohydrates at sites situated at a certain distance from the active site. In the crystal structure of barley alpha-amylase 1, oligosaccharide is thus bound to the 'sugar tongs' site. This site on the non-catalytic domain C in the C-terminal part of the molecule contains a key residue, Tyr380, which has numerous contacts with the oligosaccharide. The mutant enzymes Y380A and Y380M failed to bind to beta-cyclodextrin-Sepharose, a starch-mimic resin used for alpha-amylase affinity purification. The K(d) for beta-cyclodextrin binding to Y380A and Y380M was 1.4 mm compared to 0.20-0.25 mm for the wild-type, S378P and S378T enzymes. The substitution in the S378P enzyme mimics Pro376 in the barley alpha-amylase 2 isozyme, which in spite of its conserved Tyr378 did not bind oligosaccharide at the 'sugar tongs' in the structure. Crystal structures of both wild-type and S378P enzymes, but not the Y380A enzyme, showed binding of the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose at the 'sugar tongs' site. The 'sugar tongs' site also contributed importantly to the adsorption to starch granules, as Kd = 0.47 mg.mL(-1) for the wild-type enzyme increased to 5.9 mg.mL(-1) for Y380A, which moreover catalyzed the release of soluble oligosaccharides from starch granules with only 10% of the wild-type activity. beta-cyclodextrin both inhibited binding to and suppressed activity on starch granules for wild-type and S378P enzymes, but did not affect these properties of Y380A, reflecting the functional role of Tyr380. In addition, the Y380A enzyme hydrolyzed amylose with reduced multiple attack, emphasizing that the 'sugar tongs' participates in multivalent binding of polysaccharide substrates.


==Overview==
The 'pair of sugar tongs' site on the non-catalytic domain C of barley alpha-amylase participates in substrate binding and activity.,Bozonnet S, Jensen MT, Nielsen MM, Aghajari N, Jensen MH, Kramhoft B, Willemoes M, Tranier S, Haser R, Svensson B FEBS J. 2007 Oct;274(19):5055-67. Epub 2007 Sep 4. PMID:17803687<ref>PMID:17803687</ref>
Some starch-degrading enzymes accommodate carbohydrates at sites situated at a certain distance from the active site. In the crystal structure of barley alpha-amylase 1, oligosaccharide is thus bound to the 'sugar tongs' site. This site on the non-catalytic domain C in the C-terminal part of the molecule contains a key residue, Tyr380, which has numerous contacts with the oligosaccharide. The mutant enzymes Y380A and Y380M failed to bind to beta-cyclodextrin-Sepharose, a starch-mimic resin used for alpha-amylase affinity purification. The K(d) for beta-cyclodextrin binding to Y380A and Y380M was 1.4 mm compared to 0.20-0.25 mm for the wild-type, S378P and S378T enzymes. The substitution in the S378P enzyme mimics Pro376 in the barley alpha-amylase 2 isozyme, which in spite of its conserved Tyr378 did not bind oligosaccharide at the 'sugar tongs' in the structure. Crystal structures of both wild-type and S378P enzymes, but not the Y380A enzyme, showed binding of the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose at the 'sugar tongs' site. The 'sugar tongs' site also contributed importantly to the adsorption to starch granules, as Kd = 0.47 mg.mL(-1) for the wild-type enzyme increased to 5.9 mg.mL(-1) for Y380A, which moreover catalyzed the release of soluble oligosaccharides from starch granules with only 10% of the wild-type activity. beta-cyclodextrin both inhibited binding to and suppressed activity on starch granules for wild-type and S378P enzymes, but did not affect these properties of Y380A, reflecting the functional role of Tyr380. In addition, the Y380A enzyme hydrolyzed amylose with reduced multiple attack, emphasizing that the 'sugar tongs' participates in multivalent binding of polysaccharide substrates.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2QPS is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordeum_vulgare Hordeum vulgare]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2QPS OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2qps" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
The 'pair of sugar tongs' site on the non-catalytic domain C of barley alpha-amylase participates in substrate binding and activity., Bozonnet S, Jensen MT, Nielsen MM, Aghajari N, Jensen MH, Kramhoft B, Willemoes M, Tranier S, Haser R, Svensson B, FEBS J. 2007 Oct;274(19):5055-67. Epub 2007 Sep 4. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803687 17803687]
*[[Amylase 3D structures|Amylase 3D structures]]
[[Category: Alpha-amylase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Hordeum vulgare]]
[[Category: Hordeum vulgare]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Aghajari, N.]]
[[Category: Aghajari N]]
[[Category: Haser, R.]]
[[Category: Haser R]]
[[Category: Jensen, M H.]]
[[Category: Jensen MH]]
[[Category: Tranier, S.]]
[[Category: Tranier S]]
[[Category: Beta alpha 8 barrel]]
[[Category: Calcium]]
[[Category: Carbohydrate metabolism]]
[[Category: Germination]]
[[Category: Glycosidase]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Metal-binding]]
[[Category: Secreted]]
[[Category: Sugar tongs complex]]
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