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== | ==CITRATE BOUND, C298A/W219Y MUTANT HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASE== | ||
It is generally expected that only one inhibitor molecule will bind to an | <StructureSection load='1az2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1az2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.90Å' scene=''> | ||
== Structural highlights == | |||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1az2]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1AZ2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1AZ2 FirstGlance]. <br> | |||
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.9Å</td></tr> | |||
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CIT:CITRIC+ACID'>CIT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1az2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1az2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1az2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1az2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1az2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1az2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Function == | |||
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALDR_HUMAN ALDR_HUMAN] Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies. | |||
== Evolutionary Conservation == | |||
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | |||
Check<jmol> | |||
<jmolCheckbox> | |||
<scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/az/1az2_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked> | |||
<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked> | |||
<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text> | |||
</jmolCheckbox> | |||
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1az2 ConSurf]. | |||
<div style="clear:both"></div> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
It is generally expected that only one inhibitor molecule will bind to an enzyme active site. In fact, specific drug design theories depend upon this assumption. Here, we report the binding of two molecules of an inhibitor to the same active site which we observed in the 1.8 A resolution structure of the drug Alrestatin bound to a mutant of human aldose reductase. The two molecules of Alrestatin bind to the active site in a stacked arrangement (a double-decker). This stack positions the carboxylic acid of one drug molecule near the NADP+ cofactor at a previously determined anion binding site and the carboxylic acid of the second drug molecule near the carboxy-terminal tail of the enzyme. We propose that interactions of inhibitors with the carboxy-terminal loop of aldose reductase are critical for the development of inhibitors that are able to discriminate between aldose reductase and other members of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. This finding suggests a new direction for the introduction of specificity to aldose reductase-targeted drugs. | |||
The alrestatin double-decker: binding of two inhibitor molecules to human aldose reductase reveals a new specificity determinant.,Harrison DH, Bohren KM, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Gabbay KH Biochemistry. 1997 Dec 23;36(51):16134-40. PMID:9405046<ref>PMID:9405046</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
[[ | <div class="pdbe-citations 1az2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | ||
==See Also== | |||
*[[Aldose reductase 3D structures|Aldose reductase 3D structures]] | |||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
__TOC__ | |||
</StructureSection> | |||
[[Category: Homo sapiens]] | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category: Large Structures]] | ||
[[Category: Bohren | [[Category: Bohren KM]] | ||
[[Category: Gabbay | [[Category: Gabbay KH]] | ||
[[Category: Harrison | [[Category: Harrison DH]] | ||
[[Category: Petsko | [[Category: Petsko GA]] | ||
[[Category: Ringe | [[Category: Ringe D]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:58, 2 August 2023
CITRATE BOUND, C298A/W219Y MUTANT HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASECITRATE BOUND, C298A/W219Y MUTANT HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASE
Structural highlights
FunctionALDR_HUMAN Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedIt is generally expected that only one inhibitor molecule will bind to an enzyme active site. In fact, specific drug design theories depend upon this assumption. Here, we report the binding of two molecules of an inhibitor to the same active site which we observed in the 1.8 A resolution structure of the drug Alrestatin bound to a mutant of human aldose reductase. The two molecules of Alrestatin bind to the active site in a stacked arrangement (a double-decker). This stack positions the carboxylic acid of one drug molecule near the NADP+ cofactor at a previously determined anion binding site and the carboxylic acid of the second drug molecule near the carboxy-terminal tail of the enzyme. We propose that interactions of inhibitors with the carboxy-terminal loop of aldose reductase are critical for the development of inhibitors that are able to discriminate between aldose reductase and other members of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. This finding suggests a new direction for the introduction of specificity to aldose reductase-targeted drugs. The alrestatin double-decker: binding of two inhibitor molecules to human aldose reductase reveals a new specificity determinant.,Harrison DH, Bohren KM, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Gabbay KH Biochemistry. 1997 Dec 23;36(51):16134-40. PMID:9405046[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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