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Signal transduction: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='' size='300' side='right' scene='Journal:JBSD:16/Cv/2' caption='Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, PDB code [[2bg9]]'>
<StructureSection load='' size='300' side='right' scene='Journal:JBSD:16/Cv/2' caption='Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor, PDB code [[2bg9]]'>
'''Under development!'''
*[[Ligand]]
*[[Ligand]]
*[[Types of ligands]]
*[[Types of ligands]]
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The vitamin D nuclear receptor is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that controls multiple biological responses such as cell proliferation, immune responses, and bone mineralization. Numerous 1 α,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogues, which exhibit low calcemic side effects and/or antitumoral properties, have been synthesized. It was shown that <scene name='56/562378/3a3z/1'>the synthetic analogue (20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (2a)</scene> acts as a 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) superagonist and exhibits both antiproliferative and prodifferentiating properties in vitro. Using this information and on the basis of the crystal structures of human VDR ligand binding domain (hVDR LBD) bound to 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), 2α-methyl-1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), or 2a, a novel analogue, 2α-methyl-(20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (4a) was designed, in order to increase its transactivation potency.
The vitamin D nuclear receptor is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that controls multiple biological responses such as cell proliferation, immune responses, and bone mineralization. Numerous 1 α,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogues, which exhibit low calcemic side effects and/or antitumoral properties, have been synthesized. It was shown that <scene name='56/562378/3a3z/1'>the synthetic analogue (20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (2a)</scene> acts as a 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) superagonist and exhibits both antiproliferative and prodifferentiating properties in vitro. Using this information and on the basis of the crystal structures of human VDR ligand binding domain (hVDR LBD) bound to 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), 2α-methyl-1α,25(OH)(2)D(3), or 2a, a novel analogue, 2α-methyl-(20S,23S)-epoxymethano-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (4a) was designed, in order to increase its transactivation potency.
'''Signaling Pathways:'''


''ABA Signaling Pathway''
''ABA Signaling Pathway''
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*[[ABA-regulated SNRK2 Protein Kinase]]
*[[ABA-regulated SNRK2 Protein Kinase]]


'''[[Signaling Pathways]]:'''
*[[Akt/PKB signaling pathway]]
*[[AMPK signaling pathway]]
*[[cAMP-dependent pathway]]
*[[Eph/ephrin signaling pathway]]
*[[Hedgehog signaling pathway]]
*[[Insulin signal transduction pathway]]
*[[JAK-STAT signaling pathway]]
*[[MAPK/ERK pathway]]
*[[mTOR signaling pathway]]
*[[Nodal signaling pathway]]
*[[Notch signaling pathway]]
*[[PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway]]
*[[TGF beta signaling pathway‎]]
*[[TLR signaling pathway]]
*[[VEGF signaling pathway]]
*[[Wnt signaling pathway]]


[[MAPK/ERK pathway]]
[[MAPK/ERK pathway]]
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*[[Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor]]
*[[Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor]]


Paracrine signaling: fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily
'''[[Paracrine signaling]]:'''
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily


[[Fibroblast growth factor]] and [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor]] (FGFR). FGFR belongs to Receptor tyrosine kinases, class V.
*[[Fibroblast growth factor]] and [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor]] (FGFR). FGFR belongs to Receptor tyrosine kinases, class V.
*[[Hedgehog signaling pathway]]
*[[TGF beta signaling pathway]]‎
*[[Wnt signaling pathway]]


'''Sonic Hedgehog'''
'''[[Intracrine signaling]]'''
*[[Sonic Hedgehog]]
*[[Protein patched homolog 1]] (Ptch1) acts as receptor of Sonic Hedgehog protein (Shh) which is involved in formation of embryonic structures.


'''[[Ca2+ signalling processes]]'''
'''[[Ca2+ signalling processes]]'''
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'''GTPase'''
'''GTPase'''
*[[GTPase HRas]].
*[[GTPase HRas]].
'''The Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade'''
MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines. They regulate cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis.
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase]]
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase]]
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase]]
*[[Michael Roberts/BIOL115/ERK2]]
*[[UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2#p38 kinase|p38 MAPK (UMass Chem 423 Student Projects 2011-2)]]


'''Inflammatory response'''
'''Inflammatory response'''

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alexander Berchansky
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