Glucagon: Difference between revisions

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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Karsten Theis, Ann Taylor

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-{{STRUCTURE_1bh0|  PDB=1bh0  | SIZE=350| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Human glucagon, [[1bh0]] }}
+<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of human glucagon (PDB entry [[1bh0]])' scene='46/460279/Glucagon/1'>
 == Function ==
-'''Glucagon''' (GLC) is a hormone which raises blood glucose level.  GLC causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.  GLC effect is opposite to that of insulin<ref>PMID:21824265</ref>.  See some details in [[User:Mary Ball/Glucagon]].
+'''Glucagon''' (GLC) is a 29-residue peptide hormone that raises blood glucose levels.  GLC causes , signalling the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.  The effect of glucagon is opposite to that of insulin<ref>PMID:21824265</ref>.  Cells sense the presence of glucagon when it binds the glucagon receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor. In solution, glucagon adopts various conformations but is mostly <scene name='46/460279/Receptor/1'>helical</scene> when bound to the receptor <ref>PMID:29300013</ref>. For more details and a quiz see [[User:Mary Ball/Glucagon]].
 == Relevance ==
-Glucagon is injected in cases of severe glycemia<ref>PMID:15793249</ref>.  Overdose of β blockers is treated with GLC.  Epinephrin-resistant low blood pressure cases are treated with GLC.  Pancreatic tumors may cause high levels of GLC.
+Glucagon is injected in cases of severe hypoglycemia<ref>PMID:15793249</ref>.  It has to be reconstituted from lyophilized glucagon because in solution it quickly aggregates to form <scene name='46/460279/Fibrill/1'>insoluble fibrils</scene><ref>PMID:31235909</ref>. Overdose of β blockers is treated with GLCas well as cases of epinephrine-resistant low blood pressure.  Pancreatic tumors may cause high levels of GLC.
+</StructureSection>
 == 3D Structures of glucagon ==
 Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
-[[2g49]] – hGLC preprotein residues 53-81+ insulin-degrading enzyme – human<br />
+'''Human glucagon residues 53-81'''
-[[1kx6]], [[2m5p]], [[2m5q]] – hGLC - NMR<br />
+[[1kx6]], [[2m5p]], [[2m5q]], [[6nzn]] – hGLC - NMR<br />
 [[1nau]] – hGLC (mutant) – NMR<br />
-[[1bh0]] - hGLC (mutant)<br />
+[[5otu]], [[5otv]], [[5otw]], [[5otx]] – hGLC (mutant) + GLC-like peptide 1 receptor <br />
-[[1gcn]] - hGLC
+[[6phj]], [[6pho]] – hGLC preprotein <br />
+[[6phm]], [[6phq]] – D-hGLC preprotein<br />
+[[6phn]] – D-hGLC preprotein (mutant)<br />
+[[6phk]], [[6phl]], [[6php]] – hGLC preprotein  (mutant)<br />
+[[5yqz]] - GLC (analog) bound to receptor <br />
+[[2g49]], [[6eds]] – hGLC preprotein + insulin-degrading enzyme <br />
+[[1gcn]] - GLC residues 33-61 - pig<br />
+== References ==
+<references/>
 [[Category:Topic Page]]