Gluconeogenesis: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='2y3i' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='Human phosphoglycerate kinase complex with phosphoglyceric acid, ADP (stick model) AlF4-, Cl- and Mg+2 ions (green) (PDB code [[2y3i]])'> | <StructureSection load='2y3i' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='Human phosphoglycerate kinase complex with phosphoglyceric acid, ADP (stick model) AlF4-, Cl- and Mg+2 ions (green) (PDB code [[2y3i]])'> | ||
Gluconeogenesis ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis]) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. In humans the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, <scene name='92/925544/Cv/1'>glycerol</scene> (which is a part of the triglyceride molecule), alanine and glutamine. Other glucogenic amino acids and all [[Citric Acid Cycle]] intermediates (through conversion to oxaloacetate) can also function as substrates for gluconeogenesis. See also [[Cori cycle]] and [[Glyoxylate cycle]]. | |||
Gluconeogenesis ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis]) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. In humans the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, <scene name='92/925544/Cv/1'>glycerol</scene> (which is a part of the triglyceride molecule), alanine and glutamine. Other glucogenic amino acids and all [[Citric Acid Cycle]] intermediates (through conversion to oxaloacetate) can also function as substrates for gluconeogenesis. | |||
<scene name='39/392339/Cv1/10'>Lactate</scene> is transported back to the liver where it is converted into <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/11'>pyruvate</scene> by the [[Cori cycle]] using the enzyme [[lactate dehydrogenase]]. <scene name='Lactate_Dehydrogenase/Cv/4'>Interconversion of pyruvate and lactate acid</scene>. Pyruvate, the first designated substrate of the gluconeogenic pathway, can then be used to generate glucose. | <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/10'>Lactate</scene> is transported back to the liver where it is converted into <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/11'>pyruvate</scene> by the [[Cori cycle]] using the enzyme [[lactate dehydrogenase]]. <scene name='Lactate_Dehydrogenase/Cv/4'>Interconversion of pyruvate and lactate acid</scene>. Pyruvate, the first designated substrate of the gluconeogenic pathway, can then be used to generate glucose. | ||
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<scene name='39/392339/Cv/4'>Glucose-6-phosphate</scene> is formed from <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/1'>fructose-6-phosphate</scene> by [[phosphoglucoisomerase]] (the reverse of step 2 in glycolysis). Glucose-6-phosphate can be used in other metabolic pathways or dephosphorylated to free glucose. | <scene name='39/392339/Cv/4'>Glucose-6-phosphate</scene> is formed from <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/1'>fructose-6-phosphate</scene> by [[phosphoglucoisomerase]] (the reverse of step 2 in glycolysis). Glucose-6-phosphate can be used in other metabolic pathways or dephosphorylated to free glucose. | ||
The final gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose, occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where <scene name='39/392339/Cv/4'>glucose-6-phosphate</scene> is hydrolyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase to produce <scene name='39/392339/Cv/3'>glucose</scene> and release an inorganic phosphate. | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||