Toll-like Receptors: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='3ciy' size='340' side='right' caption='Glycosylated mouse toll-like receptor 3 dimer complex with double-stranded RNA [[3ciy]]' scene='Toll-like_Receptors/3ciynice/1' >
<StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='Glycosylated mouse toll-like receptor 3 dimer complex with double-stranded RNA [[3ciy]]' scene='Toll-like_Receptors/3ciynice/1' >
__TOC__
== Function ==
== Function ==
'''Toll-like receptors''', often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response.<ref>PMID: 20084417</ref><ref>PMID: 18064347</ref> See [[Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis]].  The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain [[leucine-rich repeats]].
'''Toll-like receptors''', often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response.<ref>PMID: 20084417</ref><ref>PMID: 18064347</ref> See [[Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis]].  The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain [[leucine-rich repeats]]. See also
*[[Enzyme-linked receptor]]
*[[TLR signaling pathway]]


*'''TLR2''' is likely involved in specific B cell-mediated functions<ref>PMID:16766226</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR2''' is likely involved in specific B cell-mediated functions<ref>PMID:16766226</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR4''' is the central lipid recognition protein in the lipopolysaccharide receptor complex<ref>PMID:10683379</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR4''' is the central lipid recognition protein in the lipopolysaccharide receptor complex<ref>PMID:10683379</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR5''' protects mice against ''Clostridium'' induced colitis <ref>PMID:21245274</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR6''' is involved in the discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by the immune system<ref>PMID:11431423</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR6''' is involved in the discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by the immune system<ref>PMID:11431423</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR7''' stimulation promotes autoimmune diabetes in mice<ref>PMID:21340621</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR8''' is linked to the control of CD4+ regulatory T cells<ref>PMID:16123302</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR8''' is linked to the control of CD4+ regulatory T cells<ref>PMID:16123302</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR9''' is involved in the activation of innate immunity<ref>PMID:12243247</ref>.<br />
*'''TLR9''' is involved in the activation of innate immunity<ref>PMID:12243247</ref>.<br />
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</StructureSection>
==3D Structures of Toll-like Receptors==
==3D Structures of Toll-like Receptors==
[[Toll-like Receptor 3D structures]]


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
</StructureSection>
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
*Toll-like receptor 1
 
**[[1fyv]] – hTLR1 TIR domain – human<br />
**[[2z7x]], [[2z81]], [[2z82]] – hTLR1/VLRB.61 + hTLR2/VLRB.61 + lipopeptide
 
*Toll-like receptor 2
 
**[[1fyw]] – hTLR2 TIR domain<br />
**[[1fyx]], [[1o77]] - hTLR2 TIR domain (mutant) <br />
**[[2z80]] – hTLR2/VLRB.61<br />
**[[3a7b]] - mTLR2/VLRB.61 – mouse<br />
**[[3a7c]] - mTLR2/VLRB.61 + PE-DTPA<br />
**[[3a79]] – hTLR2/VLRB.61 + hTLR6/VLRB.61 + lipopeptide<br />
**[[5d3i]] – mTLR2 + SSL3<br />
 
*Toll-like receptor 3
 
**[[1ziw]], [[2a0z]] – hTLR3 ligand-binding domain<br />
**[[3cig]] – mTLR3 ectodomain<br />
**[[3ciy]] - mTLR3 ectodomain + RNA<br />
**[[2mk9]], [[2mka]] – hTLR3 transmembrane domain - NMR <br />
 
*Toll-like receptor 4
 
**[[2z62]], [[2z63]], [[2z66]], [[3ul9]] – hTLR4/VLRB.61<br />
**[[3ul8]], [[3ul7]] – hTLR4/VLRB.61 (mutant)<br />
**[[2z64]], [[2z65]] – mTLR4 extracellular domain+ lymphocyte antigen 96<br />
**[[3fxi]], [[4g8a]] - hTLR4 extracellular domain + lymphocyte antigen 96<br />
**[[3ula]] - hTLR4/VLRB.61 + lymphocyte antigen 96<br />
 
*Toll-like receptor 6
 
**[[4om7]] – hTLR6 TIR domain <br />
 
*Toll-like receptor 8
 
**[[3w3g]], [[5hdh]] – hTLR8 <br />
**[[3w3j]], [[3w3k]], [[3w3l]], [[3w3m]], [[3w3n]], [[3wn4]], [[5awa]], [[5awc]], [[5awb]], [[5awd]], [[4r6a]], [[4qbz]], [[4qc0]] – hTLR8 + agonist<br />
**[[4r07]], [[4r09]] – hTLR8 + ORN06 <br />
**[[4r08]] – hTLR8 + RNA <br />
**[[4r0a]] – hTLR8 + uridine <br />
 
*Toll-like receptor 9
 
**[[3wpb]] – hoTLR9 - horse <br />
**[[3wpc]], [[3wpd]], [[3wpe]] – hoTLR9 + DNA <br />
**[[3wpf]] – mTLR9 <br />
**[[3wpg]], [[3wph]], [[3wpi]] – mTLR9 + DNA <br />
*Toll-like receptor 10
 
**[[2j67]] – hTLR10 TIR domain
 
*Toll-like receptor 13
 
**[[4z0c]] – mTLR13 + RNA <br />
 
}}
 


==References and Notes==
==References and Notes==
<references/>
<references/>


==See Also==
==See Also==

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Wayne Decatur, David Canner, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman, Alexander Berchansky
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