Toll-like Receptors: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Wayne Decatur, David Canner, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman, Alexander Berchansky

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Toll-like receptors, often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response.<ref>PMID: 20084417</ref><ref>PMID: 18064347</ref> The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain (TD) and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain [[leucine-rich repeats]].
+<StructureSection load='' size='340' side='right' caption='Glycosylated mouse toll-like receptor 3 dimer complex with double-stranded RNA [[3ciy]]' scene='Toll-like_Receptors/3ciynice/1' >
-{{STRUCTURE_3ciy|  PDB=3ciy  |  SCENE=Toll-like_Receptors/3ciynice/1  }}
+__TOC__
-[[Image:3ciyPV3D.png|left|thumb|360px|<span style="font-size:1.2em;">Extracellular domain of mouse Toll-like receptor bound to double-stranded RNA which is a molecular signature of many viruses, from [[3ciy]].</span>]]
+== Function ==
+'''Toll-like receptors''', often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response.<ref>PMID: 20084417</ref><ref>PMID: 18064347</ref> See [[Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis]].  The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain [[leucine-rich repeats]]. See also
+*[[Enzyme-linked receptor]]
+*[[TLR signaling pathway]]
+*'''TLR2''' is likely involved in specific B cell-mediated functions<ref>PMID:16766226</ref>.<br />
+*'''TLR4''' is the central lipid recognition protein in the lipopolysaccharide receptor complex<ref>PMID:10683379</ref>.<br />
+*'''TLR5''' protects mice against ''Clostridium'' induced colitis <ref>PMID:21245274</ref>.<br />
+*'''TLR6''' is involved in the discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by the immune system<ref>PMID:11431423</ref>.<br />
+*'''TLR7''' stimulation promotes autoimmune diabetes in mice<ref>PMID:21340621</ref>.<br />
+*'''TLR8''' is linked to the control of CD4+ regulatory T cells<ref>PMID:16123302</ref>.<br />
+*'''TLR9''' is involved in the activation of innate immunity<ref>PMID:12243247</ref>.<br />
+*'''TLR10''' see [[:Category:Toll-like receptor 10|Toll-like receptor 10]].<br />
+*'''TLR13''' is activated by a motif in bacterial ribosome 23S RNA and is not present in human<ref>PMID:25225249</ref>.<br />
 <br>&nbsp;<br>
 Articles in Proteopedia concerning Toll-like Receptors include:
@@ Line 14: / Line 26: @@
 *[[:Category:Toll pathway|Toll pathway]]
 *[[:Category:Toll-like receptor|Toll-like receptor]]
-*[[:Category:Toll-like receptor 10|Toll-like receptor 10]]
 *[[:Category:Toll|Toll]]
 *[[:Category:Toll like receptor adaptor domain|Toll like receptor adaptor domain]]
 *[[:Category:Tlr|TLR]]
+== Relevance ==
+A variant of TLR3 confers protection agains geographical atrophy<ref>PMID:218753640</ref>.  TLR3 is activated during viral infection<ref>PMID:23864690</ref>. TLR10 is a functional receptor involved in the innate immune response to ''H.pylori'' infection<ref>PMID:25977263</ref>.
+&nbsp;
+&nbsp;
+==3D Structures of Toll-like Receptors==
+[[Toll-like Receptor 3D structures]]
+</StructureSection>
 ==References and Notes==
@@ Line 25: / Line 46: @@
 ==See Also==
-*[[Anitbody]]
+*[[Antibody]]
 *[[Leucine-rich repeat|Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins]]
 ==Additional Literature==
-<ref group="xtra">PMID: 20084417</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 18420935</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 16720699 </ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 18332149</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19535337</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19595807</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19728889 </ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 20141420</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 17517123</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19627256</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 15961631</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 18701082</ref><references group="xtra"/>
+<ref group="xtra">PMID: 18420935</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 16720699 </ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 18332149</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19535337</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19595807</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19728889 </ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 20141420</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 17517123</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 19627256</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 15961631</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 20084417</ref><ref group="xtra">PMID: 18701082</ref><references group="xtra"/>
 ==External Resources==
-*[http://tollml.lrz.de:8081/exist/rest//db/tollml/index.xq TOLLML Database: database of toll-like receptor structural motifs]
+* [http://tollml.lrz.de:8081/exist/rest//db/tollml/index.xq TOLLML Database: database of toll-like receptor structural motifs]
+* [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=143 Toll-like Receptors: November 2011 Molecule of the Month] as part of the series of tutorials that are at [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/home/home.do the RCSB Protein Data Bank] and written by [[User:David_S._Goodsell|David Goodsell]]
+[[Category:Topic Page]]