FirstGlance/Virus Capsids and Other Large Assemblies: Difference between revisions
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==Polio Virus== | ==Polio Virus== | ||
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The polio (poliomyelitis) virus mostly infects children under 5, and 1/200 infections causes permanent paralysis with 5-10% of those being fatal<ref name="polio-who">[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis Overview, World Health Organization].</ref>. Vaccines were developed in the 1950s<ref name="polio-vaccines">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Vaccine Polio Vaccines at Wikipedia].</ref>. Polio is nearly eradicated worldwide, but endemic pockets persist in regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan where vaccination campaigns are most challenging<ref name="polio-eradication">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Eradication Eradication of Polio in Wikipedia].</ref><ref name="polio-who" />. Polio was declared eradicated from the Americas in 1994, but in 2022 a live vaccine-derived strain of polio was found circulating in parts of New York State, USA<ref name="polio-usa">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Americas Polio in the Americas, Wikipedia].</ref>. Polio vaccination is urged for all children, and for unvaccinated adults<ref name="polio-vaccschedule">[https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html Vaccination Schedule, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention].</ref>. | The polio (poliomyelitis) virus mostly infects children under 5, and 1/200 infections causes permanent paralysis with 5-10% of those being fatal<ref name="polio-who">[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis Overview, World Health Organization].</ref>. Vaccines were developed in the 1950s<ref name="polio-vaccines">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Vaccine Polio Vaccines at Wikipedia].</ref>. Polio is nearly eradicated worldwide, but endemic pockets persist in regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan where vaccination campaigns are most challenging<ref name="polio-eradication">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Eradication Eradication of Polio in Wikipedia].</ref><ref name="polio-who" />. Polio was declared eradicated from the Americas in 1994, but in 2022 a live vaccine-derived strain of polio was found circulating in parts of New York State, USA<ref name="polio-usa">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio#Americas Polio in the Americas, Wikipedia].</ref>. Polio vaccination is urged for all children, and for unvaccinated adults<ref name="polio-vaccschedule">[https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html Vaccination Schedule, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention].</ref>. | ||
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==Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus== | ==Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus== | ||
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'''Quick Start''': [http://firstglance.jmol.org/fg.htm?mol=6mx4 EEEV capsid 6mx4 in FirstGlance] | Human Eastern Equine Encephalitis is rare, with only a few cases reported in the USA each year. However, 30% of patients die, and there is no vaccine for humans and no specific medication. Many survivors have ongoing neurologic problems. The virus is spread by the bites of mosquitos that fed on infected animals.<ref name="eeev-cdc">[https://www.cdc.gov/easternequineencephalitis/index.html Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus overview at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention].</ref><ref name="eeev-wp">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_equine_encephalitis Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus article in Wikipedia].</ref> | ||
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus is an alphavirus with a single-stranded RNA genome enclosed in an icosahedral protein capsid that includes a lipid bilayer envelope<ref name="alphavirus">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphavirus Alphavirus article in Wikipedia].</ref>. {{Template:EEEV}} | |||
'''Quick Start''': [http://firstglance.jmol.org/fg.htm?mol=6mx4 EEEV capsid 6mx4 in FirstGlance] -- To cut away half of the capsid, depress the Slab button (in the Views tab). Then check both "Don't hide the back" and "Rotate slab". | |||
===Double-Shelled Capsid=== | ===Double-Shelled Capsid=== | ||
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==Bacterial Gas Vesicle== | ==Bacterial Gas Vesicle== | ||
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"Gas vesicles allow a diverse group of bacteria and archaea to move in the water column by controlling their buoyancy. These gas-filled cellular nanocompartments are formed by up to micrometers long protein shells that are permeable only to gas."<ref name="gv">2022 Preprint: Cryo-EM structure of gas vesicles for buoyancy-controlled motility, by Stefan T. Huber, Dion Terwiel, Wiel H. Evers, David Maresca, and Arjen J. Jakobi. DOI [https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.08.489936 10.1101/2022.05.08.489936].</ref> <jmol> | "Gas vesicles allow a diverse group of bacteria and archaea to move in the water column by controlling their buoyancy. These gas-filled cellular nanocompartments are formed by up to micrometers long protein shells that are permeable only to gas."<ref name="gv">2022 Preprint: Cryo-EM structure of gas vesicles for buoyancy-controlled motility, by Stefan T. Huber, Dion Terwiel, Wiel H. Evers, David Maresca, and Arjen J. Jakobi. DOI [https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.08.489936 10.1101/2022.05.08.489936].</ref> <jmol> | ||
<jmolLink> | <jmolLink> | ||