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<StructureSection load='2g6h' size='400' side='right' caption='Neuronal nitric oxide synthase dimer complex with cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, acetate and Zn+2 (grey), (PDB entry [[2g6h]])' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='2g6h' size='350' side='right' caption='Neuronal nitric oxide synthase dimer complex with cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, acetate and Zn+2 (grey), (PDB entry [[2g6h]])' scene=''>


'''Nitric Oxide Synthase''' (NOS) is an enzyme catalysing the formation of L-citrulline and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide/ nitric oxide] (NO) from L-arginine. NOS is a homodimeric protein with 125- to 160-kDa per monomer.  In mammals, NOS appears as 3 isozymes: neuronal NOS (nNOS) (for details see [[Nos1]]), cytokine-inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS).  The N-terminal domain of NOS is an oxygenase domain (OD).  NOS cofactors are: NADPH, FAD, FMN, heme and O2.  See also [[Nos1]].
'''Nitric Oxide Synthase''' (NOS) or '''Nitric Oxide Synthase oxygenase''' is an enzyme catalysing the formation of L-citrulline and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_Oxide/ nitric oxide] (NO) from L-arginine. NOS is a homodimeric protein with 125- to 160-kDa per monomer.  In mammals, NOS appears as 3 isozymes: neuronal NOS (nNOS) (for details see [[Nos1]]), cytokine-inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS).  The N-terminal domain of NOS is an '''oxygenase''' domain (OD).  NOS cofactors are: NADPH, FAD, FMN, heme and O2.  See also [[Nos1]].


=Introduction=
=Introduction=
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The NO production takes plase in the oxygenase domain, whereas the reductase domain provides the electrons necessary to drive the reaction in the oxygenase domain.
The NO production takes plase in the oxygenase domain, whereas the reductase domain provides the electrons necessary to drive the reaction in the oxygenase domain.
The reaction is:
The reaction is:
[[image:Makroprojekt-chemdraw-1-.gif|frame|left|thumb|450px]]
[[image:Makroprojekt-chemdraw-1-.gif|frame|left|thumb|400px]]
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}
The reaction occurs in two steps. In the first step L-arginine is turned in to N-hydroxy-arginine. In the second step L-citrulline and NO are formed. The reaction utilizes 2O<sub>2</sub> and 3 electrons from 3/2 NADPH.<ref>PMID:17014963</ref>
The reaction occurs in two steps. In the first step L-arginine is turned in to N-hydroxy-arginine. In the second step L-citrulline and NO are formed. The reaction utilizes 2O<sub>2</sub> and 3 electrons from 3/2 NADPH.<ref>PMID:17014963</ref>
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Structures used in the section above: [[1tll]]
Structures used in the section above: [[1tll]]
</StructureSection>
== 3D Structures of Nitric Oxide Synthase ==


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
= 3D Structures of Nitric Oxide Synthase =
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
[[Nitric Oxide Synthase 3D structures]]


*Endothelial NOS
</StructureSection>
 
**[[3nld]], [[3nle]], [[3nlf]], [[3nlg]], [[3jww]], [[3jwx]], [[3jwy]], [[3jwz]], [[3dqs]], [[3dqt]], [[3pnh]], [[4luw]] – b-eNOS OD+pyrrolidinomethyl pyridine derivative – bovine<br />
**[[1dm6]] – b-eNOS OD+guanidine derivative<br />
**[[3nlh]], [[3rqo]], [[3rqp]] – b-eNOS OD (mutant)+pyrrolidinomethyl aminopyridine derivative<br />
**[[1rs8]], [[1rs9]], [[1p6n]] – b-eNOS OD +dipeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[1nse]] – b-eNOS OD<br />
**[[1p6n]] – b-eNOS OD +dipeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[5nse]], [[1fol]], [[1foo]], [[1fop]], [[1dm7]], [[2nse]], [[3nse]], [[4nse]] – b-eNOS OD+arginine derivative<br />
**[[6nse]] – b-eNOS OD+canavanine<br />
**[[7nse]] – b-eNOS OD+ADMA<br />
**[[1i83]], [[1d1v]], [[1d1x]], [[1d1y]], [[1ed4]], [[9nse]] – b-eNOS OD+urea derivative<br />
**[[1dmj]], [[1dmk]] – b-eNOS OD+pterin derivative<br />
**[[1foi]], [[1dmi]], [[1i83]], [[3n5p]], [[3n5q]], [[3n5r]], [[3n5s]], [[3n5t]], [[3n5v]], [[3n5w]], [[3n5x]], [[3n5y]], [[3n5z]], [[3n60]], [[3n61]], [[3n62]], [[3n63]], [[3n64]], [[3n65]], [[3n66]], [[3n67]], [[3n68]], [[3n69]], [[3n6a]], [[3n6b]], [[3n6c]], [[3n6d]], [[3n6e]], [[3n6f]], [[3n6g]], [[3nlt]], [[3nlu]], [[3e7s]], [[5vv6]], [[5vv7]], [[5vv8]], [[5vv9]], [[4upq]], [[4upr]], [[4ups]], [[4upt]], [[5vva]], [[5vvb]], [[5vvc]], [[5vvd]], [[5vvg]], [[5vvn]], [[5uo8]], [[5uo9]], [[5uoa]], [[5uob]], [[5uoc]], [[5uod]], [[5fvy]], [[5fvz]], [[5fj2]], [[5fj3]], [[5adj]], [[5adk]], [[5adl]], [[5adm]], [[5adn]], [[4uh7]], [[4uh8]], [[4uh9]], [[4uha]], [[4d33]], [[4d34]], [[4d35]], [[4d36]], [[4d37]], [[4d38]], [[4d39]], [[4d3a]], [[4cul]], [[4cum]], [[4cun]], [[4cvg]], [[4cwv]], [[4cww]], [[4cwx]], [[4cty]], [[4ctz]], [[4cu0]], [[4cu1]] – b-eNOS OD+inhibitor<br />
**[[4cwz]], [[4cx0]], [[4cx1]], [[4cx2]]  – b-eNOS OD (mutant) +inhibitor<br />
**[[1d0c]], [[8nse]], [[1foj]], [[1ed5]], [[1d0o]], [[1d1w]] – b-eNOS OD+indazole derivative<br />
**[[1dm8]] – b-eNOS OD+triazole derivative<br />
**[[1ed6]] – b-eNOS OD+NO<br />
**[[1q2o]] – b-eNOS OD (mutant)+dipeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[1p6l]], [[1p6m]] – r-eNOS OD +dipeptide inhibitor - rat<br />
**[[3nli]] - r-eNOS OD (mutant)+pyrrolidinomethyl aminopyridine derivative<br />
**[[4jsk]], [[4jsl]], [[4jsm]], [[4imx]], [[4k5h]], [[4k5i]], [[4k5j]], [[4k5k]], [[4c3a]] – r-eNOS OD+ pyridine derivative<br />
**[[4kcp]], [[4kcq]], [[4kcr]], [[4kcs]] - r-eNOS OD heme domain +thiophene carboximidamide derivative<br />
**[[3eah]] – h-eNOS OD - human<br />
**[[3nos]] – h-eNOS OD+arginine<br />
**[[1m9j]] – h-eNOS OD+chlorzoxazone<br />
**[[1m9k]], [[1m9r]], [[4d1p]] – h-eNOS OD+ inhibitor<br />
**[[1nsi]] - h-eNOS OD+ Zn
 
*Neuronal NOS
 
**[[2hx2]] – b-nNOS OD+nitroguanidine derivative<br />
**[[3nlv]], [[3nlw]], [[3nlx]], [[3nly]], [[3nlz]], [[3nm0]], [[4uh7]], [[4uh8]], [[4uh9]], [[4uha]] - b-nNOS OD + inhibitor<br />
**[[3nli]], [[3nlj]], [[3nlk]], [[3nln]], [[3nlo]], [[3nlp]], [[3nlq]], [[3nlr]], [[3jws]], [[3jwt]], [[3jwu]], [[3jwv]], [[3jx0]], [[3jx1]], [[3jx2]], [[3jx3]], [[3jx4]], [[3jx5]], [[3jx6]], [[3pne]], [[3pnf]], [[3png]], [[3svp]], [[3svq]] - r-nNOS OD (mutant)+ pyridine derivative – rat<br />
**[[3nlm]], [[3nny]], [[3nnz]], [[3n2r]], [[3b3o]], [[3b3p]], [[3b3m]], [[3b3n]], [[3rqj]], [[3rqk]], [[3rql]], [[3rqm]], [[3rqn]], [[3tyl]], [[3tym]], [[3tyn]], [[3tyo]], [[4ims]], [[4imt]], [[4imu]], [[4imw]], [[4jse]], [[4jsf]], [[4jsg]], [[4jsh]], [[4jsi]], [[4jsj]], [[4k5d]], [[4k5e]], [[4k5f]], [[4k5g]], [[4lux]] - r-nNOS OD+ pyridine derivative<br />
**[[4gqe]]  – r-nNOS OD + norvaline derivative<br />
**[[1om4]], [[1k2r]], [[1k2s]], [[1lzx]], [[2hx4]], [[1zvl]], [[1qw6]], [[4fvw]], [[4fvx]], [[4fvy]], [[4fvz]], [[4fw0]] - r-nNOS OD+arginine derivative<br />
**[[4cam]], [[4can]], [[4cao]], [[4cap]], [[4caq]], [[4car]], [[4cdt]], [[4cft]]  – r-nNOS OD heme domain + quinoline derivative<br />
**[[1k2t]], [[1k2u]] – r-nNOS OD+thiourea derivative<br />
**[[1om5]] – r-nNOS OD+indazole derivative<br />
**[[1lzz]], [[1m00]], [[2hx3]]– r-nNOS OD+guanidine derivative<br />
**[[4kch]], [[4kci]], [[4kcj]], [[4kck]], [[4kcl]], [[4kcm]], [[4kcn]], [[4kco]] - r-nNOS OD heme domain +thiophene carboximidamide derivative<br />
**[[3fc5]], [[1zvi]] – r-nNOS OD<br />
**[[1qau]] - r-nNOS OD PDZ domain<br />
**[[1qav]], [[4hop]] - r-nNOS OD PDZ domain + α-1 syntrophin<br />
**[[1qwc]], [[3q99]], [[3q9a]], [[1mmv]], [[1mmw]], [[3dqr]], [[3ufo]], [[3ufp]], [[3ufq]], [[3ufr]], [[3ufs]], [[3uft]], [[3ufu]], [[3ufv]], [[3ufw]], [[4eux]], [[5vui]], [[4upm]], [[4upn]], [[4upo]], [[4upp]], [[5vuk]], [[5vul]], [[5vum]], [[5vun]], [[5vuo]], [[5vup]], [[5vuq]], [[5vur]], [[5vus]], [[5vut]], [[5vuu]], [[5unr]], [[5unt]], [[5unu]], [[5unv]], [[5unw]], [[5unx]], [[5uny]], [[5unz]], [[5uo0]], [[5fw0]], [[5fvo]], [[5fvp]], [[5fvq]], [[5fvr]], [[5fvs]], [[5fvt]], [[5agk]], [[5agl]], [[5agm]], [[5agn]], [[5ago]], [[5agp]], [[4v3v]], [[4v3w]], [[4v3x]], [[4v3y]], [[4v3z]], [[5ad4]], [[5ad5]], [[5ad6]], [[5ad7]], [[5ad8]], [[5ad9]], [[5ada]], [[5adb]], [[5adc]], [[4ugz]], [[4d33]], [[4d34]], [[4d35]], [[4d2y]], [[4d1z]], [[4d30]], [[4d31]], [[4uh4]], [[4d7o]], [[4d3b]], [[4d32]], [[4ctp]], [[4ctq]], [[4ctr]], [[4ctt]], [[4ctu]], [[4ctv]], [[4c39]] – r-nNOS OD+inhibitor<br />
**[[5vv0]], [[5vv3]], [[5vv5]], [[5uns]], [[5uo1]], [[5uo2]], [[5uo3]], [[5uo4]], [[5uo5]], [[5uo6]], [[5uo7]], [[5g0n]], [[5g0p]], [[5fvu]], [[5fvv]], [[5fvx]], [[5fvw]], [[5fvx]], [[4v3u]], [[5add]], [[5ade]], [[5adf]], [[5adg]], [[5adi]], [[4cx3]], [[4cx4]], [[4cx5]], [[4cx6]] – r-nNOS OD (mutant) +inhibitor<br />
**[[3jt3]], [[3jt4]], [[3jt5]], [[3jt6]], [[3jt7]], [[3jt8]], [[3jt9]], [[3jta]] – r-nNOS OD+ornithine derivative<br />
**[[3hsn]] – r-nNOS OD+NHA+CO<br />
**[[3hso]], [[3hsp]] -  r-nNOS OD+NHA+NO<br />
**[[2g6h]], [[2g6i]], [[2g6j]] – r-nNOS OD+pterin derivative<br />
**[[2g6k]], [[2g6l]] – r-nNOS OD+pterin derivative+NO<br />
**[[2g6m]], [[2g6n]], [[2g6o]] – r-nNOS OD+pterin derivative+CO<br />
**[[1zzq]], [[1zzr]], [[1zzs]], [[1zzt]], [[1zzu]], [[1p6k]] – r-nNOS OD (mutant)+dipeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[1rs6]], [[1rs7]], [[1p6h]], [[1p6i]], [[1p6j]] – r-nNOS OD +dipeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[1b8q]] – r-nNOS PDZ domain + heptapeptide<br />
**[[1f20]] - r-nNOS FAD/NADP domain<br />
**[[1vag]] – m-nNOS OD+inhibitor - mouse<br />
**[[4uh5]] - h-nNOS OD+inhibitor<br />
**[[4uh6]], [[4uch]] - h-nNOS OD (mutant) +inhibitor<br />
**[[4d1n]] - h-nNOS OD (mutant) + arginine<br />
 
*Inducible NOS
**[[3nqs]], [[3e65]], [[3eai]], [[3ebd]], [[3ebf]], [[1r35]], [[2nod]]  – m-iNOS OD + pterin derivative<br />
**[[1jwj]], [[1jwk]] – m-iNOS OD (mutant)+ pterin derivative<br />
**[[4ux6]] – m-iNOS OD + pterin derivative + inhibitor<br />
**[[2bhj]] – m-iNOS OD+coumarin<br />
**[[3nod]] – m-iNOS OD+product analog<br />
**[[1noc]] – m-iNOS OD+chloramphenicol acetyltransferase<br />
**[[3e67]] – m-iNOS OD+4-MAP<br />
**[[3e68]], [[3e6l]], [[3e6n]], [[3e6o]], [[3e6t]], [[3e7i]], [[3e7m]], [[3e7t]], [[1vaf]], [[1qw5]], [[1dd7]], [[2y37]] – m-iNOS OD+inhibitor <br />
**[[2orq]], [[2orr]], [[2ors]], [[2ort]], [[2oro]], [[2orp]], [[1nos]], [[3nw2]] – m-iNOS OD+imidazole derivative<br />
**[[1df1]] - m-iNOS OD+ urea derivative<br />
**[[3dwj]] – m-iNOS OD (mutant)<br />
**[[1qom]], [[4js9]] - m-iNOS OD<br />
**[[1qw4]], [[1dwv]], [[1dww]], [[1dwx]], [[1nod]] – m-iNOS OD+arginine derivative<br />
**[[2nos]] – m-iNOS OD+guanidine derivative<br />
**[[1n2n]] – m-iNOS OD+CN<br />
**[[1m9t]] – m-iNOS OD+indazole derivative<br />
**[[1m8d]] – m-iNOS OD+chlorzoxazone<br />
**[[1m8e]], [[1m8h]], [[1m8i]], [[1m9m]], [[1m9q]] – m-iNOS OD+ indazole derivative<br />
**[[1jwj]] – m-iNOS OD + inhibitor<br />
**[[1jwk]] - m-iNOS OD (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
**[[3hr4]] – h-iNOS residues 503-715+calmodulin – human<br />
**[[3e7g]] – h-iNOS residues 82-505+inhibitor<br />
**[[3ej8]] – h-iNOS OD+imidazole<br />
**[[4nos]], [[4cx7]] – h-iNOS OD+inhibitor<br />
**[[1nsi]] – h-iNOS OD+arginine<br />
**[[2nsi]] – h-iNOS OD+thiourea derivative<br />
**[[3gof]] - c-iNOS OD + calmodulin – chicken<br />
 
*Prokaryote NOS


**[[2amo]] – BsNOS – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
**[[2an0]], [[2an2]] – BsNOS (mutant)<br />
**[[2fbz]], [[2fc2]], [[2fc1]] – BsNOS+NO<br />
**[[1m7v]], [[1m7z]] – BsNOS+THF+arginine<br />
**[[5g67]], [[4ugl]] – BsNOS + inhibitor<br />
**[[2flq]] – NOS+arginine – ''Geobacillus stearothermophilus''<br />
}}
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

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Michael Skovbo Windahl, Sara Toftegaard Petersen, Mathilde Thomsen, Mette Trauelsen, Eran Hodis, Jaime Prilusky, Karl Oberholser, Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel, Ann Taylor
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