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| {{STRUCTURE_2nvh| PDB=2nvh | SIZE=300| SCENE= |right| CAPTION=Human interleukin-1 β chain complex with sulfate, [[2nvh]] }}
| | <StructureSection load='2nvh' size='340' side='right' caption='Human interleukin-1 β chain complex with sulfate, [[2nvh]]' scene=''> |
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| '''Interleukin''' (IL) is a cytokine which functions in the immune system. IL deficiency results in autoimmune disease. IL families are denoted by numbers. For some detailed interleukins see [[Interleukin-10]] and [[Interleukin-15]]. | | == Function == |
| | '''Interleukin''' (IL) is a cytokine which functions in the immune system. IL families are denoted by numbers<ref>PMID:3277884</ref>.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-1''' is a group of 11 cytokines which regulate immune and inflammatory response. See [[Interleukin-1 beta]].<br /> |
| | * '''IL-2''' is a cytokine made by leukocytes. It is used in cancer therapy to boost the immune system.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-3''' improves the body's natural response to disease by stimulating the differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-4''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-5''' stimulates B cell growth and increases immunoglobulin secretion.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-6''' is both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory myokine. Several studies have outlined the importance of autocrine IL-6 signaling in lung and breast cancers. For example, one group found a positive correlation between persistently activated tyrosine-phosphorylated [[Stepler sandbox STAT3|STAT3]] (pSTAT3), found in 50% of lung adenocarcinomas, and IL-6. Further investigation revealed that mutant [[EGFR]] could activate the oncogenic STAT3 pathway via upregulated IL-6 autocrine signaling. |
| | * '''IL-7''' is a cytokine important for B and T cells development.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-8''' induces chemotaxis and phagocytosis.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-10''' see [[Interleukin-10]] and [[Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis]].<br /> |
| | * '''IL-11''' involved in the stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation.<br /> |
| | * ''' IL-12''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th1 cells. See [[Interleukin-12]].<br /> |
| | * '''IL-13''' induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-15''' see [[Interleukin-15]].<br /> |
| | * '''IL-16''' acts as chemoattractant, modulator of T cell activity and inhibitor of HIV replication.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-17''' recruits monocytes and neutrophils to the site of inflammation.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-18''' induces cell-mediated immunity following infection by microbial lipopolysaccharides.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-19''' induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT3.<br /> |
| | * ''' IL-21''' has potent effect on natural killer cells.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-22''' stimulates inflammatory responses like S100 and defensin.<br /> |
| | * ''' IL-23''' induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT4.<br /> |
| | * ''' IL-24''' induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT1 and STAT3.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-28''' has a role in the immune defense against viruses.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-29''' similar to IL-28.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-33''' induces helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to produce type 2 cytokines.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-34''' increases growth or survival of monocytes.<br /> |
| | * '''IL-36''' acts on naïve CD4+ T cells.<br /> |
| | * ''' IL-37''' has a role in inhibiting both innate and adaptive immune responses.<br /> |
| | See also [[Growth factors]] |
| | == Relevance == |
| | Uncontrolled activation of IL-1 is a component of of some inflammatory diseases including gout<ref>PMID:26656658</ref>.<br /> |
| | IL-8 is implicated in inflammatory lung diseases<ref>PMID:14720072</ref>.<br /> |
| | IL-10 is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease<ref>PMID:22890722</ref>.<br /> |
| | IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent<ref>PMID:22428854</ref>.<br /> |
| | IL-23 is implicated in Crohn's disease<ref>PMID:24481050</ref>.<br /> |
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| {{TOC limit|limit=2}}
| | == Disease == |
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| | IL deficiency results in autoimmune disease<ref>PMID:19494218</ref>. |
| ==3D structures of factor IX== | |
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| ===IL-1 α=== | | ==3D structures of interleukin== |
| | [[Interleukin 3D structures]] |
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| [[2ila]] - hIL-1 α - human<BR />
| | </StructureSection> |
| [[2kki]] - hIL-1 α residues 121-271 <BR />
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| [[2l5x]] – hIL-1 α residues 121-271 + calcium-binding protein A13 – NMR<BR />
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| ===IL-1 β=== | | == References == |
| | | <references/> |
| [[2wry]] - cIL-1 β – chicken<BR />
| | [[Category: Topic Page]] |
| [[3nj5]] – cIL-1 β (mutant) <BR />
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| [[2nvh]], [[9ilb]], [[1iob]], [[5i1b]], [[2i1b]], [[4i1b]], [[1i1b]] - hIL-1 β
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| [[1tp0]], [[1t4q]], [[1too]], [[1twe]], [[1twm]], [[1s0l]], [[1l2h]], [[1hib]], [[21bi]], [[31bi]], [[41bi]] - hIL-1 β (mutant) <BR />
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| [[6i1b]], [[7i1b]] - hIL-1 β - NMR<BR />
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| [[3ltq]] - hIL-1 β residues 117-269 <BR />
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| [[3pok]] - hIL-1 β residues 117-269 (mutant) <BR />
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| [[1itb]] - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 1 extracellular domain<BR />
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| [[3o4o]] - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 2 + IL-1 receptor accessory protein<BR />
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| [[2kh2]] - hIL-1 β + SCFV - NMR<BR />
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| [[1md6]] – mIL-1F5 – mouse<BR />
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| [[2mib]], [[8i1b]] - mIL-1 β
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| ===IL-2===
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| [[1m47]], [[1m4c]], [[3ink]] – hIL-2<BR />
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| [[1irl]] – hIL-2 (mutant) - NMR<BR />
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| [[2erj]], [[2b5i]] - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor α and β + cytokine receptor common γ<BR />
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| [[1z92]] - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor α<BR />
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| [[1qvn]], [[1nbp]], [[1m4a]], [[1m4b]] – hIL-2 (mutant) + inhibitor<BR />
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| [[1pw6]], [[1py2]], [[1m48]], [[1m49]] – hIL-2 + inhibitor<BR />
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| ===IL-3===
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| [[1jli]] – hIL-3 (mutant) – NMR<BR />
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| ===IL-4===
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| [[2b8u]], [[1hik]], [[2int]] – hIL-4<BR />
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| [[2cyk]], [[1cyl]], [[1itm]], [[1bbn]], [[1bcn]], [[1iti]], [[1itl]] – hIL-4 - NMR<BR />
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| [[2b8x]], [[2b8y]], [[2b8z]], [[2b90]], [[2b91]], [[2d48]], [[1hzi]], [[1hij]] - hIL-4 (mutant) <BR />
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| [[1iar]] - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α (mutant) <BR />
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| [[3bpl]] - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α + cytokine receptor common γ<BR />
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| [[3bpn]] - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α + IL-13 receptor α
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| ===IL-5===
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| [[1hul]] – hIL-5<BR />
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| [[3b5k]] – mIL-5
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| ===IL-6===
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| [[1alu]] – hIL-6<BR />
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| [[1il6]], [[2il6]] – hIL-6]] - NMR<BR />
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| [[1p9m]] - hIL-6 + IL-6 receptor α and β
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| ===IL-7===
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| [[3di2]], [[3di3]] - hIL-7 residues 26-177 + IL-7 receptor α ectodomain
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| ===IL-8===
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| [[3il8]] – hIL-8<BR />
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| [[1il8]], [[2il8]] – hIL-8]] - NMR<BR />
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| [[1qe6]], [[1icw]] – hIL-8 (mutant) <BR />
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| [[1ikl]], [[1ikm]] - hIL-8 (mutant)]] - NMR<BR />
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| [[1ilp]], [[1ilq]] - hIL-8 + IL-8 receptor peptide
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| ===IL-10===
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| [[2h24]], [[1inr]], [[2ilk]], [[1ilk]] – hIL-10<BR />
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| [[1j7v]] – hIL-10 + IL-10 receptor α (mutant) <BR />
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| [[1y6k]] - hIL-10 residues 19-178 + IL-10 receptor α
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| ===IL-10 viral===
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| [[1vlk]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-170]] - human herpesvirus 4<BR />
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| [[1y6m]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 + IL-10 receptor α <BR />
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| [[1y6n]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 (mutant) + IL-10 receptor α <BR />
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| [[1lqs]] - hvIL-10 residues 20-176 + IL-10 receptor α - human herpesvirus 5<BR />
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| [[1lk3]] - hvIL-10 residues 26-175 + antibody
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| ===IL-12===
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| [[1f45]] - hIL-12 α and β (mutant) <BR />
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| [[1f42]] - hIL-12 β P40 domain<BR />
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| [[3hmx]] - hIL-12 α and β+ antibody
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| ===IL-13===
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| [[1ijz]], [[1ik0]] – hIL-13 – NMR<BR />
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| [[1ga3]] - hIL-13 residues 21-132]] - NMR<BR />
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| [[3l5w]], [[3l5x]], [[3l5y]], [[3g6d]] - hIL-13 residues 35-146 + antibody<BR />
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| [[3lb6]] - hIL-13 + IL-13 receptor α2<BR />
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| [[3bpo]] - hIL-13 + IL-4 receptor α + IL-13 receptor α
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| ===IL-15===
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| [[2xqb]] – hIL-15 + antibody<BR />
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| [[2psm]], [[2z3q]], [[2z3r]] - hIL-15 + IL-15 receptor α
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| ===IL-16===
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| [[1i16]] – hIL-16]] - NMR<BR />
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| [[1x6d]] – hIL-16 PDZ domain – NMR<BR />
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| ===IL-17===
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| [[2vxs]] - hIL-17A residues 20-255 + antibody<BR />
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| [[1jpy]] – hIL-17F<BR />
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| [[3jvf]] - hIL-17F + IL-17 receptor α
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| ===IL-18===
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| [[1j0s]] – hIL-18]] - NMR<BR />
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| [[2vxt]] - hIL-18 (mutant) + antibody<BR />
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| [[3f62]] - hIL-18 residues 37-193 (mutant) + IL-18 binding protein
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| ===IL-19===
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| [[1n1f – hIL-19
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| ===IL-21===
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| [[2oqp – hIL-21 – NMR<BR />
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| ===IL-22===
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| [[1ykb]], [[1m4r]] – hIL-22<BR />
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| [[3g9v]] - hIL-22 residues 29-179 + IL-22 receptor α2<BR />
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| [[3dlq]], [[3dgc]] - hIL-22 residues 29-179 (mutant) + IL-22 receptor α1
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| ===IL-23===
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| [[3d87]] - hIL-23 α<BR />
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| [[3d85]] - hIL-23 α + antibody<BR />
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| [[3duh]] - hIL-23 α + hIL-12 β
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| ===IL-33===
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| [[2kll]] - hIL-33 residues 110-270 - NMR<BR />
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| [[Category:Topic Page]]
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