Akt/PKB signaling pathway: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='3hhm' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='PI3K (grey) complex with NISH2 P85α and wortmannin (PDB code [[3hhm]]) '> | <StructureSection load='3hhm' size='350' side='right' scene='' caption='PI3K (grey) complex with NISH2 P85α and wortmannin (PDB code [[3hhm]]) '> | ||
The Akt signaling pathway or PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is a signal transduction pathway that promotes survival and growth in response to extracellular signals. Key proteins involved are PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and Akt (protein kinase B). | The Akt signaling pathway or PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is a signal transduction pathway that promotes survival and growth in response to extracellular signals. Key proteins involved are PI3K ([[phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase]]) and Akt (protein kinase B). Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is the collective name of a set of three [[Serine/threonine protein kinase|serine/threonine-specific protein kinases]] that play key roles in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and cell migration. See also [[Signal transduction]]. | ||
=Activation Akt/PKB via Receptor tyrosine kinases/Ras= | |||
==[[Receptor tyrosine kinases]]== | |||
==[[Growth factor receptor-bound proteins]]== | |||
==Ras activation== | |||
[[GTPase KRas]] | |||
[[Allosteric modulation of H-Ras GTPase]] | |||
=Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases= | |||
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) are a family of ubiquitously distributed lipid kinases, that play a critical role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes including cellular growth and morphology, programmed cell death, cell motility and adhesion, mitogenesis and glucose uptake. | |||
*[[The Structure of PI3K]] | |||
*[[Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases]] | |||
*[[PI3K Activation, Inhibition, & Medical Implications]] | |||
PI3K can also be activated by [[G protein-coupled receptors]] (GPCRs), via G-protein βγ dimers or Ras which bind PI3K directly. In addition, the Gα subunit activates Src-dependent integrin signaling which can activate PI3K. | |||
==Phosphoinositide formation== | |||
The triphosphate form (PI(3,4,5)P3) binds Akt and [[phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1]] (PDK1) so they accumulate in close proximity at the membrane. | |||
=Akt/PKB= | |||
==AKT1== | |||
RAC(Rho family)-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT1 gene. This enzyme belongs to the AKT subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that contain SH2 (Src homology 2-like) protein domains. See [[3mv5]]. | |||
==AKT2== | |||
AKT2, also known as RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT2 gene. It influences metabolite storage as part of the insulin signal transduction pathway. See [[3d0e]]. | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||