Carbohydrates II: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='' size='800' side='right' caption='Carbohydrates' scene='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/1'>
<StructureSection load='' size='450' side='right' caption='Carbohydrates' scene='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/1'>
[[es:Carbohydrates II (Spanish)]]
==Monosaccharides==
==Monosaccharides==
<scene name='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/1'>D-gliceraldehyde</scene> molecular structure
::<scene name='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/1'>D-glyceraldehyde</scene> molecular structure


<scene name='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/2'>L-gliceraldehyde</scene> molecular structure.
::<scene name='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/2'>L-glyceraldehyde</scene> molecular structure.


<scene name='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/3'>Mirror images from each other</scene>.
::<scene name='60/603296/Gliceraldehido/3'>Mirror images of each other</scene>.


<scene name='60/603296/Glucosa/1'>D-glucose</scene>
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucosa/1'>D-glucose</scene>


<scene name='60/603296/Glucopiranosa/10'>carbon C1 and C5 approach</scene>
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucopiranosa/10'>carbon C1 and C5 approach</scene>


<scene name='60/603296/Glucopiranosa/13'>Pyranose ring</scene>.
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucopiranosa/13'>Pyranose ring</scene>.


<scene name='60/603296/Glucopiranosa/9'>α-D-glucopyranose</scene>.
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucopiranosa/9'>α-D-glucopyranose</scene>.


<scene name='60/603296/Fructofuranosa/1'>β-D-fructofuranose</scene>.
::<scene name='60/603296/Fructofuranosa/1'>β-D-fructofuranose</scene>.


<scene name='60/603296/Glucosamina/1'>D-glucosamine</scene>
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucosamina/1'>D-glucosamine</scene>


==Disaccharides==
==Disaccharides==


<scene name='60/603296/Glucosidico1/1'>2 glucose molecules approach</scene>.
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucosidico1/1'>2 glucose molecules approach</scene>.


<scene name='60/603296/Glucosidico1/3'> 1 water molecule is losed</scene>
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucosidico1/3'> 1 water molecule is lost</scene>


<scene name='60/603296/Glucosidico2/2'>a glycosidic bond is formed</scene>.
::<scene name='60/603296/Glucosidico2/2'>a glycosidic bond is formed</scene>.


<scene name='60/603296/Maltosa/1'>Maltose</scene> shows a α-glycosidic bond
::<scene name='60/603296/Maltosa/1'>Maltose</scene> shows a α-glycosidic bond


<scene name='60/603296/Celobiosa/1'>Cellobiose</scene> shows a β-glycosidic bond, like <scene name='60/603296/Sacarosa/1'>sucrose</scene>.
::<scene name='60/603296/Celobiosa/1'>Cellobiose</scene> shows a β-glycosidic bond, like <scene name='60/603296/Sacarosa/1'>sucrose</scene>.


==Polysaccharides==
==Polysaccharides==
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::<scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/3'>Maltose (2 residues of glucose)</scene>
::<scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/3'>Maltose (2 residues of glucose)</scene>


::We add a <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/4'>3th</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/5'>4th</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/6'>5th</scene> and <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/7'>6th</scene> residues.
::We add a <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/4'>3rd</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/5'>4th</scene>, <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/6'>5th</scene> and <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/7'>6th</scene> residues.


::<scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/8'>Activate rotation</scene> to observe helical structure
::<scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/8'>Activate rotation</scene> to observe helical structure
::<scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/9'>Zoom out</scene> and adition of more glucose residues to reach a <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/10'>30 residues</scene> molecule
::<scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/9'>Zoom out</scene> and addition of more glucose residues to reach a <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/10'>30 residues</scene> molecule
::Look from a <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/11'>polar view</scene>.
::Look from a <scene name='60/603296/Amilosa/11'>polar view</scene>.
**'''Amylopectin'''.-
**'''Amylopectin'''.-
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::By adding to <scene name='60/603296/Amilopectina/12'>initial structure</scene> 25 glucose residues we get a <scene name='60/603296/Amilopectina2/1'>30 residues amylopectin fragment</scene>.
::By adding to <scene name='60/603296/Amilopectina/12'>initial structure</scene> 25 glucose residues we get a <scene name='60/603296/Amilopectina2/1'>30 residues amylopectin fragment</scene>.


::<scene name='60/603296/Amilopectina/13'>Zoom out</scene> to show that branch points are spaced by 24 y 30 glucose residues.
::<scene name='60/603296/Amilopectina/13'>Zoom out</scene> to show that branch points are spaced by 24-30 glucose residues.


*<scene name='60/603296/Glucogeno/1'>Glycogen</scene>.- Structure like ''amylopectin'' but with branch points spaced by 8-12 glucsoe residues.
*<scene name='60/603296/Glucogeno/1'>Glycogen</scene>.- Structure like ''amylopectin'' but with branch points spaced by 8-12 glucose residues.


*'''Cellulose'''.-
*'''Cellulose'''.-
::<scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/1'>Cellobiose (2 glucose residues)</scene>


::<scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/2'>Zoom out</scene>
::See [[cellulose]].
 
::We add a <scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/3'>3th</scene>, a <scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/4'>4th</scene>, a <scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/5'>5th</scene> and a <scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/6'>6th</scene> glucose residue to show the <scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/7'>helical structure</scene> of ''cellulose'' molecule (more extended that the ''amylose'' one).
 
::<scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/8'>Zoom out</scene> and adition of new residues to complete a <scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/9'>30 residuos cellulose fragment</scene>.
 
::Look from a <scene name='60/603296/Celulosa/10'>polar view</scene>


*<scene name='60/603296/Quitina/6'>Chitin</scene>.- A polymer of <scene name='60/603296/Quitina/4'>β-N-acetil-D-glucosamina</scene>.
*<scene name='60/603296/Quitina/6'>Chitin</scene>.- A polymer of <scene name='60/603296/Quitina/4'>β-N-acetil-D-glucosamina</scene>.
::A <scene name='60/603296/chitin/2'>3 residues</scene> chitin fragment.
::A <scene name='60/603296/chitin/2'>3 residues</scene> chitin fragment.
*<scene name='60/603296/Hialuron/2'>Hyaluronic acid</scene>.- ''Heteropolysaccharide'' with <scene name='60/603296/Quitina/4'>β-N-acetil-D-glucosamine</scene> and <scene name='60/603296/Glucuronico/1'>glucuronic acid</scene>  
*<scene name='60/603296/Hialuron/2'>Hyaluronic acid</scene>.- ''Heteropolysaccharide'' with alternating residues of <scene name='60/603296/Quitina/4'>β-N-acetil-D-glucosamine</scene> and <scene name='60/603296/Glucuronico/1'>glucuronic acid</scene>  
 
== Files for 3D printer ==
<i class="fas fa-cubes"></i> Alpha-amylase with flexible amylopectin by [[User:Marius Mihasan|Marius Mihasan]] [https://3dprint.nih.gov/discover/3DPX-016354 <i class="fas fa-download"></i>]


</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
== References ==
== References ==
*Molecular models in this page were created or modified from [[PDB files]] by [[User:Alejandro Porto|Alejandro Porto]] using the tool JSME Molecular Editor [http://biomodel.uah.es/en/DIY/JSME/draw.es.htm]
<references/>
[[Category:3D printer files]]

Latest revision as of 00:11, 15 November 2021

Monosaccharides

molecular structure
molecular structure.
.
.
.
.

Disaccharides

.
.
shows a α-glycosidic bond
shows a β-glycosidic bond, like .

Polysaccharides

  • Starch
    • Amylose
We add a , , and residues.
to observe helical structure
and addition of more glucose residues to reach a molecule
Look from a .
    • Amylopectin.-
A fragment of amylopectin including .
Zoom in to show a
.
By adding to 25 glucose residues we get a .
to show that branch points are spaced by 24-30 glucose residues.
  • .- Structure like amylopectin but with branch points spaced by 8-12 glucose residues.
  • Cellulose.-
See cellulose.
  • .- A polymer of .
A chitin fragment.
  • .- Heteropolysaccharide with alternating residues of and

Files for 3D printer

Alpha-amylase with flexible amylopectin by Marius Mihasan


Carbohydrates

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

ReferencesReferences

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alejandro Porto, Karsten Theis, Jaime Prilusky
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