The Bacterial Flagellar Hook: Difference between revisions
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The bacterial flagellar hook described in this article is one part of the bacterial flagellum. Please see [[Flagella, bacterial]] for an overview of where the hook fits in the flagellum. | The '''bacterial flagellar hook''' described in this article is one part of the bacterial flagellum. Please see [[Flagella, bacterial]] for an overview of where the hook fits in the flagellum. | ||
==Function== | |||
The flagellar hook is a molecular [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint universal joint] that transmits [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque torque] from the motor, anchored in the bacterial cell wall, to the [[Flagellar filament of bacteria|flagellar filament]], the relatively rigid helical rod that propels the bacterial cell when rotated. The hook is flexible: it enables the filament to adopt a wide range of angles relative to the motor axis and cell wall, yet continue to be rotated by the motor at all these angles. | The flagellar hook is a molecular [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint universal joint] that transmits [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque torque] from the motor, anchored in the bacterial cell wall, to the [[Flagellar filament of bacteria|flagellar filament]], the relatively rigid helical rod that propels the bacterial cell when rotated. The hook is flexible: it enables the filament to adopt a wide range of angles relative to the motor axis and cell wall, yet continue to be rotated by the motor at all these angles. | ||
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===FlgE31 2004=== | ===FlgE31 2004=== | ||
<applet load='1wlg' size=' | <applet load='1wlg' size='350' frame='true' align='right' scene='The_Bacterial_Flagellar_Hook/1wlg_1_mmol/3' caption='Salmonella typhimurium flagellar hook protein FLGE [[1wlg]]'/> | ||
In 2004, Samatey ''et al.'' solved the structure of the mid-portion of the wild-type FlgE of ''Salmonella typhimurium'' by [[X-ray crystallography]] at a [[Resolution|resolution]] of 1.8 Å ([[1wlg]])<ref name="hook1">PMID: 15510139</ref>. The fragment successfully crystallized, designated FlgE31, consisted of amino acids 71-369, of which 71-363 were resolved (72% of the full-length 402-residue protein). Removal of the ends of the full-length chain (domain D0, see below) was required in order to coax the protein to crystallize, instead of forming filaments. | In 2004, Samatey ''et al.'' solved the structure of the mid-portion of the wild-type FlgE of ''Salmonella typhimurium'' by [[X-ray crystallography]] at a [[Resolution|resolution]] of 1.8 Å ([[1wlg]])<ref name="hook1">PMID: 15510139</ref>. The fragment successfully crystallized, designated FlgE31, consisted of amino acids 71-369, of which 71-363 were resolved (72% of the full-length 402-residue protein). Removal of the ends of the full-length chain (domain D0, see below) was required in order to coax the protein to crystallize, instead of forming filaments. | ||
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==Monomer Within the Hook== | ==Monomer Within the Hook== | ||
<applet size=' | <applet size='350' frame='true' align='right' scene='The_Bacterial_Flagellar_Hook/Flagellar_hook_3rings_pdb_gz/3'/> | ||
From the curved model of the hook, here is a short segment just three Flg31 monomers long (<scene name='The_Bacterial_Flagellar_Hook/Flagellar_hook_3rings_pdb_gz/3'>restore initial scene</scene>). Each color represents one of the 11 protofilaments. Since each protofilament is 3 monomers in length, there are 33 monomers in this model. You can see how the Flg31 monomers fit into the hook when <scene name='The_Bacterial_Flagellar_Hook/Flagellar_hook_3rings_pdb_gz/2'>two monomers are highlighted</scene>. | From the curved model of the hook, here is a short segment just three Flg31 monomers long (<scene name='The_Bacterial_Flagellar_Hook/Flagellar_hook_3rings_pdb_gz/3'>restore initial scene</scene>). Each color represents one of the 11 protofilaments. Since each protofilament is 3 monomers in length, there are 33 monomers in this model. You can see how the Flg31 monomers fit into the hook when <scene name='The_Bacterial_Flagellar_Hook/Flagellar_hook_3rings_pdb_gz/2'>two monomers are highlighted</scene>. | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Flagella, bacterial]] | * [[Flagella, bacterial]] | ||
* [[User:Fadel A. Samatey/FlgE II/Complete Flagellar Hook Structure|Cryo-EM structure of the complete flagellar hook of ''Campylobacter jejuni'']] (2016) | |||
* [[User:Fadel A. Samatey/FlgE I|X-ray structure of the hook monomers of ''Campylobacter jejuni'' and also of ''Caulobacter cresentus'']] (2016) | |||
* [[Flagellar filament of bacteria]] | * [[Flagellar filament of bacteria]] | ||
* [[Fadel A. Samatey Group]] | * [[Fadel A. Samatey Group]] | ||
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}} | Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}} | ||
[[1wlg]] – | [[1wlg]] – StFlgE31 – ''Salmonella typhimurium''<br /> | ||
[[2bgy]], [[2bgz]] - | [[2bgy]], [[2bgz]] - StFlgE31 residues 71-363 – Cryo EM<br /> | ||
[[3a69]] - | [[3a69]] - StFlgE31 – Cryo EM<br /> | ||
[[5jxl]] – FlgE – ''Campylobacter jejuni''<br /> | |||
[[5ay6]] – FlgE – ''Caulobacter crescentus''<br /> | |||
==References and Notes== | ==References and Notes== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Topic Page]] | |||