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<StructureSection load='1pyo' size='350' side='right' scene='45/458455/Cv/1' caption='CASP-2 subunit P18 (purple, yellow) and subunit P12 (green, cyan) complex with polypeptide inhibitor (salmon, blue), aspartic aldehyde and acetyl group, [[1pyo]]'>
<StructureSection load='1pyo' size='350' side='right' scene='45/458455/Cv/1' caption='CASP-2 subunit P18 (purple, yellow) and subunit P12 (green, cyan) complex with polypeptide inhibitor (salmon, blue), aspartic aldehyde and acetyl group, [[1pyo]]'>


'''Caspase''' (CASP) are cysteine-aspartic proteases (see [[Protease]]) which function in apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation.  Twelve CASP have been identified in human.  CASP is synthesized as an inactive pro-CASP with a prodomain which is being cleaved off to render them active.  The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) with its baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain is an inhibitor of CASP.<br />
'''Caspase''' (CASP) are cysteine-aspartic proteases (see [[Protease]]) which function in apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation.  Twelve CASP have been identified in human.  CASP is synthesized as an inactive pro-CASP with a prodomain which is being cleaved off to render them active.  The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) with its baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain is an inhibitor of CASP.  The CASP recruitment domain (CARD) mediates signaling events that are associated with various human diseases including cancer, neuro-degenerative diseases and immune disorders<ref>PMID:30664151</ref>.<br />
*  '''CASP-1''' (or '''Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, ICE''') cleaves precursor cytokine interleukin 1-β and interleukin 18 into mature protein.  See [[Human Caspase-1]]<br />
*  '''CASP-1''' (or '''Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, ICE''') cleaves precursor cytokine interleukin 1-β and interleukin 18 into mature protein.  See:<br />
*  '''CASP-3''' or ('''Apopain; Cysteine protease CPP32''') interacts with CASP-8 and CASP-9 during cell apoptosis.  See [[Sandox Bay Serrano]], [[Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-5]] and [[Caspase-3 Regulatory Mechanisms]]<br />
[[Human Caspase-1]]<br />
*  '''CASP-6''' is involved in the activation of cascade of caspases during apoptosis.  See [[Molecular Playground/Caspase-6 (new)]] and [[Caspase-6 and neurodegeneration]]<br />
*  '''CASP-3''' or ('''Apopain; Cysteine protease CPP32''') interacts with CASP-8 and CASP-9 during cell apoptosis.  See:<br />
*  '''CASP-7''' is a heterodimer consisting of P20 (human residues 1-198) and P11 (human residues 199-303) subunits.  CASP-7 catalytic domain consists of residues 57-303. is an important initiator CASP and drICE is an effector of apoptosis CASP in ''Drosophila melanogaster''.  See [[Molecular Playground/Caspase-7 Dynamics]] and [[Molecular Playground/Executioner Caspase-7]]<br />
[[Sandox Bay Serrano]]<br />
*  '''CASP-9''' is an aspartic protease linked to mitochondrial death pathway.  See [[Molecular Playground/Caspase-9 Regulation]].<br />
[[Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-5]]<br />
[[Caspase-3 Regulatory Mechanisms]]<br />
*  '''CASP-4''' binds the lipid moiety of lipopolysaccharide to induce the activation of non-canonical inflammasome<ref>PMID:29339744</ref>.<br/>
*  '''CASP-6''' is involved in the activation of cascade of caspases during apoptosis.  See:<br/>
[[Molecular Playground/Caspase-6 (new)]]<br />
[[Caspase-6 and neurodegeneration]]<br />
*  '''CASP-7''' is a heterodimer consisting of P20 (human residues 1-198) and P11 (human residues 199-303) subunits.  CASP-7 catalytic domain consists of residues 57-303. is an important initiator CASP and drICE is an effector of apoptosis CASP in ''Drosophila melanogaster''.  See:<br />
[[Molecular Playground/Caspase-7 Dynamics]]<br />
[[Molecular Playground/Executioner Caspase-7]]<br />
*  '''CASP-9''' is an aspartic protease linked to mitochondrial death pathway.  See:<br />
[[Molecular Playground/Caspase-9 Regulation]].<br />
*  '''Metacaspase''' (MCASP) are arginine/lysine specific CASP.  MCASP are found in plants and fungi.
*  '''Metacaspase''' (MCASP) are arginine/lysine specific CASP.  MCASP are found in plants and fungi.
<ref>PMID:12920126</ref><ref>PMID:8035875</ref>
<ref>PMID:12920126</ref><ref>PMID:8035875</ref>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
==3D structures of caspase==
Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
*CASP-1
**[[3e4c]] – hpro-CASP (mutant) - human<br />
**[[2nn3]] – pro-SfCASP (mutant) – ''Spodoptera frugiperda''<br />
**[[5fna]] – hCASP CARD domain – Cryo-EM<br />
**[[1sc1]], [[1sc4]] - hCASP (mutant) <br />
**[[1sc3]] - hCASP (mutant) + malonate<br />
**[[6bz9]] - hCASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[3d6f]], [[3d6h]], [[3d6m]], [[1ibc]], [[5mtk]], [[5mmv]], [[6f6r]] - hCASP (mutant) + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[2hbq]], [[1bmq]], [[3ns7]] - hCASP + inhibitor<br />
**[[2h4w]], [[2h4y]], [[2h51]], [[2h54]], [[2hbr]], [[2hby]], [[2hbz]], [[2h48]], [[2fqq]], [[1rwk]], [[1rwm]], [[1rwn]], [[1rwo]], [[1rwp]], [[1rwv]], [[1rww]], [[1rwx]] - hCASP (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
**[[1ice]] – hCASP + tetrapeptide aldehyde<br />
**[[1m72]] – SfCASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
*CASP-2
**[[2p2c]] – hCASP<br />
**[[3r7s]] - hCASP subunits P12, P18<br />
**[[1pyo]], [[3r5j]], [[3r6g]], [[3r6l]], [[3r7b]], [[3r7n]], [[3rjm]] - hCASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
*CASP-3
**[[1qx3]] - hCASP<br />
**[[2xyg]], [[2xyh]], [[2xyp]], [[4jje]] – hCASP subunits P12, P17 + inhibitor<br />
**[[2xzd]], [[2xzt]], [[2y0b]] - hCASP subunits P12, P17 + DARPIN-3.4<br />
**[[3pcx]], [[3pd1]], [[3pd0]], [[3gjq]], [[3gjr]], [[3gjs]], [[3gjt]], [[3edq]], [[3edr]], [[2cnk]], [[2cnl]], [[2cnn]], [[2cno]], [[2cdr]], [[2h65]], [[1cp3]], [[1pau]], [[4pry]] – hCASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[4dcj]], [[4dco]], [[4dcp]], [[4eha]], [[4ehd]], [[4ehf]], [[4ehh]], [[4ehk]], [[4ehl]], [[4ehn]], [[4ps0]], [[4ps1]] – hCASP subunits P12, P17 + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[2dko]], [[2cjx]], [[2cjy]], [[4qtx]], [[4qty]], [[4qu0]], [[4qu5]], [[4qu8]], [[4qu9]], [[4qua]], [[4qub]] [[4qud]], [[4que]], [[4qug]], [[4quh]], [[4qui]], [[4quj]], [[4qul]], [[5i9b]], [[5i9t]], [[5iab]], [[5iae]], [[5iag]], [[5iaj]], [[5iak]], [[5ian]], [[5iar]], [[5ias]], [[5ibc]], [[5ibp]], [[5ibr]], [[4qud]], [[6bfj]], [[6bfk]], [[6bfl]], [[6bfo]], [[6bg0]], [[6bg1]], [[6bg4]], [[6bgk]], [[6bgq]], [[6bgr]], [[6bgs]], [[6bh9]], [[6bha]], [[6bdv]] - hCASP (mutant) + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[3kjf]], [[3h0e]], [[3deh]], [[3dei]], [[3dej]], [[3dek]], [[1re1]], [[1rhj]], [[1rhk]], [[1rhm]], [[1rhq]], [[1rhr]], [[1rhu]], [[1nme]], [[1nmq]], [[1nms]], [[1gfw]] – hCASP + inhibitor<br />
**[[3itn]], [[2j30]], [[2j31]], [[2j32]], [[2j33]], [[2c1e]], [[2c2k]], [[2c2m]], [[2c2o]], [[2c2z]], [[2h5i]], [[2h5j]], [[4jr0]] – hpro-CASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
[[4jqy]], [[4jqz]] - hpro-CASP (mutant)<br />
**[[1i3o]] - hCASP (mutant) + XIAP-BIR2
*CASP-6
**[[3p45]], [[3k7e]], [[2wdp]] – hCASP<br />
**[[3nkf]], [[3nr2]], [[3s8e]], [[3v6l]], [[3v6m]], [[4iyr]], [[6dev]], [[6deu]] – hCASP (mutant) <br />
**[[3od5]], [[3p4u]], [[3qnw]], [[3s70]] – hCASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[4ejf]] – hCASP subunit P11 + P18 + polypeptide<br />
**[[4fxo]] - hCASP subunit P11 + P18 + Zn<br />
**[[4hva]] - hCASP subunit P11 + P18 + VEID inhibitor<br />
**[[4n5d]] - hCASP subunit P11 + P18 + inhibitor<br />
**[[4n6g]], [[4n7j]], [[4n7m]], [[4nbk]], [[4nbl]], [[4nbn]] - hCASP subunit P11 + P18 (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
*CASP-7
**[[3rk5]], [[4fdl]] - hCASP<br />
**[[5k20]] – hCASP large + small (mutant) subunits<br />
**[[3ibf]] – hCASP large subunit<br />
**[[3r5k]], [[4hq0]] - hCASP (mutant) <br />
**[[1k86]], [[1gqf]] – hCASP catalytic domain<br />
**[[1k88]] – hpro-CASP (mutant) <br />
**[[3ibc]], [[2ql5]], [[2ql7]], [[2ql9]], [[2qlb]], [[2qlf]], [[2qlj]], [[3edr]] - hCASP large subunit + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[1f1j]], [[4hqr]] - hCASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[3h1p]], [[4jr1]], [[4jr2]] - hCASP catalytic domain (mutant) + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[1shj]], [[1shl]] - hCASP catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor<br />
**[[4fea]], [[5v6z]], [[5v6u]] - hCASP catalytic domain + inhibitor<br />
**[[1i51]], [[1kmc]] - hCASP (mutant) + XIAP-BIR2<br />
**[[1i4o]] - hCASP P20 subunit + XIAP<br />
**[[4jb8]], [[4lsz]] - hCASP large+small subunits + DARPIN<br />
**[[5ic6]], [[5ic4]], [[4zvo]], [[4zvp]], [[4zvq]], [[4zvr]], [[4zvs]], [[4zvt]], [[4zvu]], [[6cl2]], [[6cl1]], [[6cl0]], [[6ckz]] - hCASP large+small subunits + peptide inhibitor<br />
*CASP-8
**[[5l08]] – hCASP – Cryo-EM<br />
**[[4zbw]] - hCASP death effector domain<br />
**[[5h33]], [[5h31]] - hCASP death effector domain (mutant)<br />
**[[3kjn]], [[3kjq]] – hCASP subunit P18 + inhibitor<br />
**[[1f9e]], [[1qtn]], [[1qdu]] - hCASP subunit α,β + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[1qtn]], [[4jj7]], [[4jj8]], [[4prz]] - hCASP P18, P11 + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[3h11]] - hCASP (mutant) + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[2y1l]] - hCASP subunits P18 P10<br />
**[[2k7z]] – hpro-CASP (mutant) – NMR<br />
**[[2fun]], [[1i4e]] – CASP + P35 – ''Autographa californica''
*CASP-9
**[[2ar9]] – hCASP (mutant) <br />
**[[1jxq]] - hCASP + polypeptide inhibitor<br />
**[[3v3k]] – hCASP + effector protein<br />
**[[5wve]], [[5juy]], [[5wvc]] – hCASP CARD domain + APAF-1<br />
**[[1nw9]] – hCASP catalytic domain + XIAP-BIR3<br />
**[[3ygs]], [[4rhw]] – hpro-CASP + APAF-1 CARD
*''Drosophila melanogaster'' CASP
**[[2fp3]] – DmCASP Dronc residues 136-450  – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
**[[3sir]] - DmCASP drICE residues 78-332<br />
**[[3sip]] – DmCASP drICE residues 78-230 + apoptosis inhibitor<br />
*Metacaspase
**[[4afp]], [[4afr]], [[4afv]], [[4af8]] – MCASP (mutant) – ''Trypanosom brucei''<br />
**[[4f6o]] – yMCASP 1 – yeast<br />
**[[4f6p]] – yMCASP 1 (mutant)<br />
}}


== References ==
== References ==

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky
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