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Autophagy-related protein: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='3vh3' size='350' side='right' caption='Yeast Atg7 C terminal (green) complex with Atg8 (magenta) and Zn+2 ion (grey) (PDB code [[3vh3]])' scene='70/708076/Cv/1'>
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' caption='Yeast Atg7 C terminal (green) complex with Atg8 (magenta) and Zn+2 ion (grey) (PDB code [[3vh3]])' scene='70/708076/Cv/1'>
__TOC__
==Function==
'''Autophagy-related proteins''' (Atg) function in autophagosome formation from the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS).  The phagosomes perform protein degradation under starvation.  Autophagy is the process of forming a vacuole around proteins or nucleic acids destined to be broken down.  This vacuole is a double membrane enclosure called phagophore.  Atgs have non-autophagic functions as well as they are involved in cell survival and apoptosis.<ref>PMID:26382870</ref>  So far 34 Atgs have been identified in yeast. <br />
'''Autophagy-related proteins''' (Atg) function in autophagosome formation from the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS).  The phagosomes perform protein degradation under starvation.  Autophagy is the process of forming a vacuole around proteins or nucleic acids destined to be broken down.  This vacuole is a double membrane enclosure called phagophore.  Atgs have non-autophagic functions as well as they are involved in cell survival and apoptosis.<ref>PMID:26382870</ref>  So far 34 Atgs have been identified in yeast. <br />
*'''Atg1, 6, 14''' are involved in the formation of the phagophore.  <br />
*'''Atg1, 6, 14''' are involved in the formation of the phagophore.  <br />
*'''Atg3''' catalyzes the conjugation of Atg8 and phosphatidylethanolamine.  This conjugation is essential for autophagosome formation. <br />
*'''Atg2''' is essential for autophagosome formation<ref>PMID:22219374</ref>. <br />
*'''Atg3''' catalyzes the conjugation of Atg8 and phosphatidylethanolamine.  This conjugation is essential for autophagosome formation<ref>PMID:25645919</ref>. <br />
*'''Atg4, 5, 7, 10, 16''' are involved in the maturation of the phagophore.<br />
*'''Atg4, 5, 7, 10, 16''' are involved in the maturation of the phagophore.<br />
*'''Atg8''' is structurally similar to ubiquitin.  It is a targeting factor in cytoplasm-to-vacuole transport of proteins such as aminopeptidase and a-mannosidase.  [[Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3]] '''LC3''' is a mammalian Atg8.<br />
*'''Atg8''' is structurally similar to ubiquitin.  It is a targeting factor in cytoplasm-to-vacuole transport of proteins such as aminopeptidase and a-mannosidase.  [[Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3]] '''LC3''' is a mammalian Atg8<ref>PMID:31450711</ref>.<br />
*'''Atg9''' mediates autophagosomal membrane expansion<ref>PMID:33106658</ref>. <br />
*'''Atg11''' is essential for selective autophagy<ref>PMID:31238043</ref>. <br />
*'''Atg12''' is involved in the elongation of the phagophore.<br />
*'''Atg12''' is involved in the elongation of the phagophore.<br />
*'''Atg13, 17''' are PAS scaffold proteins. <br />
*'''Atg13, 17''' are PAS scaffold proteins. <br />
*'''Atg18''' forms a complex with Atg2 which tethers membranes to the ER for autophagosome formation<ref>PMID: 30254161 </ref>. <br />
*'''Atg101''' is believed to protect Atg13 from proteasomal degradation.   
*'''Atg101''' is believed to protect Atg13 from proteasomal degradation.   


== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<scene name='70/708076/Cv/2'>Zn+2 ion is bound with 4 Cys residues</scene> in yeast Atg7 C-terminal domain.  
<scene name='70/708076/Cv/4'>Yeast Atg7 C terminal complex with Atg8 and Zn+2 ion</scene> (PDB code [[3vh3]]). <scene name='70/708076/Cv/3'>Zn+2 ion is bound with 4 Cys residues</scene> in yeast Atg7 C-terminal domain.<ref>PMID:22055191</ref>  
</StructureSection>


== 3D Structures of autophagy-related protein ==
== 3D Structures of autophagy-related protein ==
[[Autophagy-related protein 3D structures]]


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
</StructureSection>
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
*Autophagy-related protein 3
 
**[[2dyt]] – yAtg3 – yeast<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 4
 
**[[2z0d]], [[2z0e]], [[2zzp]] – hAtg4B (mutant) + LC3 – human<br />
**[[2p82]] – hAtg4A<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 5
 
**[[3vqi]] – KmAtg5 – ''Kluyveromyces marxianus''<br />
**[[4tq1]] – hAtg5 + TECAIR peptide<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 7
 
**[[3vh1]], [[3vh2]] – yAtg7 <br />
**[[3ruj]], [[3t7f]] – yAtg7 N terminal <br />
**[[3t7h]], [[4gsj]] – yAtg7 N terminal (mutant)<br />
**[[3t7e]] – yAtg7 C terminal <br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 8
 
**[[2kq7]] – yAtg8 - NMR <br />
**[[2kwc]] – yAtg8 (mutant) - NMR <br />
**[[3m95]] – Atg8 – silk worm <br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 10
 
**[[4ebr]] – yAtg10 <br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 12
 
**[[1wz3]] – AtAtg12B – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 16
 
**[[3a7o]] – yAtg16 coiled-coil domain <br />
**[[3a7p]] – yAtg16 coiled-coil domain (mutant)<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 19
 
**[[2kzb]] – yAtg19 a-mannosidase binding domain - NMR <br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 101
 
**[[4wzg]] – hAtg101 <br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 1+13
 
**[[4p1n]] – KmAtg1 + KmAtg13<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 3+5+12+16
 
**[[4naw]] – hAtg3 peptide + hAtg5 + hAtg12 + hAtg16-1 N terminal<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 5+12+16
 
**[[4gdk]], [[4gdl]] – hAtg5 + hAtg12 + hAtg16-1 N terminal<br />
**[[3w1s]] – yAtg5 + yAtg12 + yAtg16 N terminal<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 5+16
 
**[[2dym]], [[2dyo]] – yAtg5 + yAtg16 N terminal<br />
**[[4tq0]] – hAtg5 + hAtg16-1 N terminal<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 7+3
 
**[[3t7g]] – yAtg7 N terminal + yAtg3 peptide<br />
**[[4gsl]] – yAtg7 + yAtg3 (mutant)<br />
**[[3vx8]] – AtAtg7 N terminal + AtAtg3 <br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 7+8
 
**[[3vh3]] – yAtg7 C terminal + yAtg8 (mutant)<br />
**[[2li5]] – yAtg7 peptide + yAtg8 (mutant)<br />
**[[3rui]] – yAtg7 C terminal (mutant) + yAtg8 <br />
**[[3vh4]] – yAtg7 C terminal + yAtg8 (mutant) + ATP<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 7+10
 
**[[4gsk]] – yAtg7 (mutant) + yAtg10 (mutant)<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 8+19
 
**[[2zpn]] – yAtg8 + yAtg19 peptide<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 8+32
 
**[[3vxw]] – yAtg8 + yAtg32 peptide<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 13+101
 
**[[4yk8]] – Atg13 + Atg101 – fission yeast<br />
 
*Autophagy-related protein 17+29+31
 
**[[4hpq]] – yAtg17 peptide + yAtg29 + yAtg31 (mutant)<br />


*Autophagy-related protein 13+17+29+31
 
**[[4p1w]] – yAtg13 + yAtg17 peptide +
}}
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman, Jaime Prilusky
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