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<StructureSection load='3i5f' size='350' side='right' caption='Squid myosin II: heavy chain (grey),  regulatory light chain (green), catalytic light chain (pink) complex with ADP (stick model) and Mg+2 ion (green) [[3i5f]]' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='3i5f' size='350' side='right' caption='Squid myosin II: heavy chain (grey),  regulatory light chain (green), catalytic light chain (pink) complex with ADP and Mg+2 ion (green) [[3i5f]]' scene=''>
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
[[Myosin]] is one of three major classes of molecular motor proteins: myosin, dynein, and kinesin.  As the most abundant of these proteins myosin plays a structural and enzymatic role in muscle contraction and intracellular motility. Myosin was first discovered in muscle in the 19th century. <ref name="Spudich">PMID: 8824453 </ref> Myosin is a superfamily of proteins which bind actin, hydrolyze ATP and transduce force.  Thus most are located in muscle cells.  Composed of head, neck and tail domains.  Head domain binds the actin and moves along it.  The neck is  a linker and binds the light chains which have a regulatory function.  The tail interacts with cargo molecules (CBD)m.  There are 18 classes of myosin.<br />
[[Myosin]] is one of three major classes of molecular motor proteins: myosin, dynein, and kinesin.  As the most abundant of these proteins myosin plays a structural and enzymatic role in muscle contraction and intracellular motility. Myosin was first discovered in muscle in the 19th century. <ref name="Spudich">PMID: 8824453 </ref> Myosin is a superfamily of proteins which bind actin, hydrolyze ATP and transduce force.  Thus most are located in muscle cells.  Composed of head, neck and tail domains.  Head domain binds the actin and moves along it.  The neck is  a linker and binds the light chains which have a regulatory function.  The tail interacts with cargo molecules (CBD)m.  There are 18 classes of myosin.<br />
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*'''Myosin X''' (MX) is a downstream effector of PI(3)K during phagocytosis<ref>PMID:12055636</ref>.
*'''Myosin X''' (MX) is a downstream effector of PI(3)K during phagocytosis<ref>PMID:12055636</ref>.
*'''Myosin XI''' (MXI) links the nuclear membrane to the cytoskeleton<ref>PMID:23973298</ref>.
*'''Myosin XI''' (MXI) links the nuclear membrane to the cytoskeleton<ref>PMID:23973298</ref>.
See also [[Myosin (hebrew)]].


==Crystallization and X-ray diffraction==
==Crystallization and X-ray diffraction==
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==Disease==
==Disease==
Mutations in MIIA cause early onset myopathy<ref>PMID:20418530</ref>.  Mutations in MVIIA cause Usher syndrome<ref>PMID:7870171</ref>.
Mutations in MIIA cause early onset myopathy<ref>PMID:20418530</ref>.  Mutations in MVIIA cause Usher syndrome<ref>PMID:7870171</ref>.
</StructureSection>


== 3D Structures of Myosin ==
== 3D Structures of Myosin ==
[[Myosin 3D Structures]]


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
</StructureSection>
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
* Myosin I
 
**[[1lkx]], [[5ejy]] – DdMI HC - ''Dictyostelium discoideum''<br />
**[[5ejs]] – DdMI HC (mutant)<br />
**[[4a7f]] - DdMI HC + rActin + rTropomyosin – rabbit – Cryo EM<br />
**[[4a7h]], [[4a7l]] - DdMI HC (mutant) + rActin + rTropomyosin – Cryo EM<br />
**[[5ibw]] – DdMIC HC + Ca-binding protein <br />
**[[2drk]], [[2drm]] – MI HC + 10-mer peptide – ''Acanthamoeba castellanii''<br />
**[[2xmf]] – mMI SH3 domain - mouse<br />
**[[4byf]] – hMIC + calmodulin – human<br />
**[[5h53]] - rMI LC+HC + rActin – Cryo EM<br />
 
*Unconventional myosin I
 
**[[4r8g]] – mMIC C-terminal + calmodulin<br />
 
* Myosin II
 
**[[1o1g]], [[1o1a]] , [[1o1b]], [[1o1c]], [[1o1d]], [[1o1e]], [[1o1f]], [[1o18]], [[1o19]], [[1mvw]], [[1m8q]] – cMII RLC+ELC+HC+actin – tomography - chicken<br />
**[[3lla]] – cMII HC α-kinase domain+AMPPCP<br />
**[[3lmh]] – cMII HC α-kinase domain+ADP<br />
**[[3lmi]] – cMII HC α-kinase domain (mutant) +ATP<br />
**[[2fxm]], [[2fxo]] – hMII HC S2 fragment <br />
**[[2lnk]] – hMII HC + protein S100-A4 – NMR<br />
**[[3zwh]] - hMII HC + protein S100-A4 (mutant)<br />
**[[3i5f]] – LpMII RLC+HC+ADP+Mg – ''Loligo pealei''<br />
**[[3i5g]], [[3i5h]] – LpMII RLC+HC+ELC<br />
**[[3i5i]] – LpMII RLC+HC+ELC+SO4<br />
**[[2jhr]] – DdMII HC+ADP-VO4+pentabromopseudilin<br />
**[[2xo8]] - DdMII HC MD +pseudilin derivative<br />
**[[2y0r]], [[2y8i]], [[2y9e]], [[3myk]] - DdMII HC MD (mutant)<br />
**[[3bz7]], [[3bz9]], [[1yv3]], [[3bz8]] - DdMII HC+blebbistatin<br />
**[[3mjx]] - DdMII HC+blebbistatin + ADP-VO4<br />
**[[3mnq]] - DdMII HC MD + ADP-VO4 + reservatrol<br />
**[[4pjk]] - DdMII HC MD + ADP<br />
**[[3bas]], [[3bat]], [[1fmv]] - DdMII HC<br />
**[[1fmw]] – DdMII HC+ATP<br />
**[[1jwy]], [[1jx2]] – DdMII HC+dynamin-1<br />
**[[1d0x]], [[1d0y]], [[1d0z]], [[1d1a]], [[1d1b]], [[1d1c]] – DdMII HC (mutant)+BeF3 derivative<br />
**[[1g8x]] – DdMII+actinin 3<br />
**[[2jj9]], [[2x9h]] - DdMII HC+ADP-VO4<br />
**[[3mkd]] - DdMII HC MD (mutant) + ADP-VO4 <br />
**[[1lvk]], [[1mma]], [[1mmg]], [[1mmn]] – DdMII HC (mutant)+Mg+nucleotide<br />
**[[1myh]], [[1myk]], [[1myl]], [[3myh]], [[3myl]] - DdMII HC (mutant)<br />
**[[1mne]] - DdMII HC (mutant)+Mg+pyrophosphate<br />
**[[1vom]] - DdMII HC (truncated)+Mg+ADP-VO4<br />
**[[1mmd]], [[1w9i]], [[1w9k]]  - DdMII HC (mutant)+Mg+ADP+BeF3<br />
**[[1mnd]], [[1w9j]], [[1w9l]]  - DdMII HC (mutant)+Mg+ADP+AlF4<br />
**[[2aka]] - DdMII HC+dynamin-1<br />
**[[2xel]], [[4ae3]] – DdMII HC + inhibitor<br />
**[[1n2d]] – ScMII LC+IQ2 IQ3 motifs from Myo2p<br />
**[[1m45]] - ScMII LC+IQ2 motif from Myo2p<br />
**[[1m46]] - ScMII LC+IQ4 motif from Myo2p<br />
**[[2bl0]] – MII RLC +RHC – ''Physarum polycephalum''<br />
**[[4qbd]] - MII HC MD + LC – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
 
* Myosin III
 
**[[2btt]] – ScMIII SH3 domain – NMR<br />
**[[1ruw]], [[1va7]] – yMIII SH3 domain
 
*Myosin IV
 
**[[3mmi]] – yMIV globular tail <br />
**[[4ll6]] - yMIV globular tail (mutant)<br />
**[[4ll8]] - yMIV globular tail (mutant) + SHE3P<br />
 
* Myosin V (Unconventional myosin)
 
**[[1w7i]] – cMV HC+LC+Mg+ADP<br />
**[[1w7j]] - cMV HC+LC+BEFX+ADP<br />
**[[1w8j]] – cMV HC<br />
**[[1oe9]] – cMV HC+LC<br />
**[[1br2]] – cMV HC+Mg+ADP+AlF4<br />
**[[2fcd]] – ScMV LC N-terminal – ''Saccharomices cerevisiae'' – NMR<br />
**[[2fce]] – ScMV LC C-terminal – NMR<br />
**[[2f6h]] – ScMV CBD<br />
**[[1yp5]], [[1zuy]] – yMV SH3 domain<br />
**[[4zlk]] - mMVA + calmodulin<br />
**[[2ix7]] – mMVA IQ motif +apo-calmodulin <br />
**[[3wb8]] – mMVA tail domain<br />
**[[4j5l]], [[4j5m]] – hMVA tail domain<br />
**[[4kp3]] – mMVA tail domain + RILP-like protein + melanophilin<br />
**[[4lli]] – hMVA cargo binding domain<br />
**[[4lx1]] – hMVA globular tail domain<br />
**[[4lx2]] – hMVA globular tail domain + melanphilin<br />
**[[5jcz]] – hMVA globular tail domain + RAB-11<br />
**[[5jcy]] – hMVA globular tail domain + SPIR-2<br />
**[[4lnz]] – hMVB globular domain<br />
**[[4lwz]], [[4lx0]] – hMVB globular tail + RAS-related protein<br />
**[[5hmp]], [[4zg4]] – hMVC <br />
**[[4l8t]] – hMVC cargo binding domain<br />
**[[4l79]] – raMIB + calmodulin - rat<br />
 
* Myosin VI
 
**[[2kia]] – mMVI CBD – mouse – NMR<br />
**[[2ld3]] – mMVI lever arm extension - NMR<br />
**[[3h8d]] - mMVI CBD+Dab2 peptide<br />
**[[4e7z]], [[4pk4]], [[4pjn]], [[4pjm]] - pMVI<br />
**[[4e7s]] - pMVI (mutant)<br />
**[[3gn4]], [[2vb6]] - pMVI neck+calmodulin – pig<br />
**[[2vas]], [[3l9i]] - pMVI neck (mutant)+calmodulin<br />
**[[2v26]] - pMVI neck+Mg+ADP-VO4<br />
**[[2bkh]], [[2bki]] – pMVI HC+calmodulin<br />
**[[4dbp]], [[4dbq]] – pMVI HC (mutant) + calmodulin<br />
**[[4dbr]] – pMVI HC (mutant) <br />
**[[4anj]] - pMVI HC/GFP + calmodulin<br />
**[[2x51]] - pMVI d insert1 + calmodulin
 
*Unconventional myosin VI
 
**[[5v6h]] – mMVI + GIPC2  <br />
**[[5v6e]] – mMVI + GIPC1  <br />
**[[4pfp]], [[4pfo]] – pMVI MD  <br />
**[[4pjl]] – pMVI MD (mutant)  <br />
**[[4pjj]] – pMVI MD + calmodulin  <br />
 
*Myosin VII
 
**[[2i0n]] - DdMVII SH3 domain - NMR<br />
**[[3pvl]] - mMVII SH3 domain+hUsher syndrome type 1G protein<br />
**[[4db1]] – hMVII HC
 
*Unconventional myosin VII
 
**[[5wst]] – mMVIIA SAH  <br />
**[[5mv7]] – hMVIIB C-terminal <br />
**[[5xbf]], [[5mv8]] – hMVIIB C-terminal + harmonin <br />
**[[5mv9]] – hMVIIA C-terminal + harmonin <br />
**[[5wsv]] – hMVIIA IQ5 + calmodulin <br />
**[[5wsu]] – hMVIIA IQ5-SAH + calmodulin <br />
**[[5f3y]] – mMVIIB + ANKS4B <br />
**[[5ejr]] – DdMVIIB MF2 domain <br />
**[[5ejq]] – DdMVIIB MF1 domain (mutant)<br />
 
*Unconventional myosin IX
 
**[[5c5s]] – hMIXB RHOGAP domain  <br />
**[[5hpy]] – hMIXB motor domain + RHOA  <br />
 
*Myosin X
 
**[[2lw9]] - hMX<br />
**[[3au5]] - hMX myth4-ferm tandem<br />
**[[3pzd]], [[3au4]] - hMX myth4-ferm tandem + netrin receptor DCC<br />
**[[3tfm]] – raMX phin-ph2-phic tandem (mutant)
 
*Unconventional myosin X
 
**[[5i0h]] – hMX motor domain  <br />
**[[5kg8]] – hMX motor domain + actin <br />
**[[5i0i]] – hMX motor domain + calmodulin <br />
**[[5hmo]] – MX SAH + coiled-coil domain - bovine <br />
 
*Myosin XI
 
**[[5t45]] – cMXI motor domain  <br />
**[[5m05]] – cMXI motor domain + inhibitor <br />
**[[3j04]] – cMXI HC + RLC – Cryo EM
 
*Flight muscle myosin


**[[1i84]], [[2w4a]], [[2w4g]], [[2w4h]] - cRLC+cELC+cHC – cryoEM<br />
**[[2mys]] - cRLC+cELC+cHC - papain digested<br />
**[[1lkm]] – cHC alpha-kinase domain+AMP<br />
**[[2dfs]] – cHC+calmodulin<br />
**[[1br4]] – cELC+cHC+Mg+ADP+BeF3<br />
**[[1br1]] – cELC+Mg+ADP+AlF4<br />
**[[2xrf]] – hLC <br />
**[[3jtd]], [[2w4t]], [[2w4v]], [[2w4w]], [[1scm]] – AiRLC+AiELC+AiHC - ''Argopecten irradians''<br />
**[[1b7t]] - AiRLC+AiELC+AiHC papain digested<br />
**[[3jvt]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC+Ca – Scallop<br />
**[[2ec6]], [[2os8]], [[2otg]], [[1s5g]], [[1sr6]], [[1qvi]], [[1kk7]], [[1dfk]], [[3pn7]], [[3ts5]], [[3tuy]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC<br />
**[[1kqm]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC+AMPPNP<br />
**[[1kwo]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC+ATPgS-PDM<br />
**[[1l2o]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC+ADP-PDM<br />
**[[1kk8]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC+ADP-BEFX<br />
**[[1dfl]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC+ADP-VO4+Mg<br />
**[[1wdc]] - sRLC+sELC+sHC - digested<br />
**[[3dtp]] - RLC+HC+ELC – tarantula – Cryo EM
}}
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

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Laurel Koopmans, David Canner, Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel, Jaime Prilusky, Joel L. Sussman
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