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<StructureSection load='3ptf' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (green) complex with ubiquitin (deepskyblue) (PDB entry [[3ptf]])' scene='55/551219/Cv/1'>
<StructureSection load='3ptf' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (green) complex with ubiquitin (deepskyblue) (PDB entry [[3ptf]])' scene='55/551219/Cv/1'>
== Function ==
== Function ==
'''Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme''' (Ubc) or '''E2 enzyme''' catalyzes the second step in the ubiquitination of a protein tagged to be degraded by the proteasome.  Ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1) and ATP produce a C-terminal acyl adenylated ubiquitin molecule which binds to ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) (Ubc) cysteine<ref>PMID:19549727</ref>.  The Ubc then binds to ubiquitin ligase (E3) via a conserved binding region.  E3 catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin from the Ubc-ubiquitin complex to a lysine residue of the target protein.  Ubc13 makes a catalytically active heterodimer with MMS2.<br />
'''Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme''' (Ubc) or '''E2 enzyme''' catalyzes the second step in the ubiquitination of a protein tagged to be degraded by the proteasome.  Ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1) and ATP produce a C-terminal acyl adenylated ubiquitin molecule which binds to ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2) (Ubc) cysteine<ref>PMID:19549727</ref>.  The Ubc then binds to ubiquitin ligase (E3) via a conserved binding region.  E3 catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin from the Ubc-ubiquitin complex to a lysine residue of the target protein.  Ubc13 makes a catalytically active heterodimer with MMS2<ref>PMID:16980971</ref>.<br />


For more details on Ubc13 see [[UBC13 MMS2]].<br />
*'''UBC2''' is required for silencing in yeast<ref>PMID:9343433</ref>.<br />
For more details on Ubc9 see [[Ubc9]].<br />
*'''UBC4 UBC5''' mediate selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins<ref>PMID:2154373</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC6 and UBC J2''' participate in ER-associated protein degradation<ref>PMID:12082160</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC7 or UBC13''' is key in the process of tagging target proteins with Lys63-linked polyubiquitin<ref>PMID:16862162</ref>.<br />  For more details on Ubc13 see [[UBC13 MMS2]].<br />
*'''UBC8''' is interferon-inducible<ref>PMID:15485925</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC9''' or [[SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9]] is required for sumoylation<ref>PMID:24706591</ref>.<br /> For more details on Ubc9 see [[SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9]].<br />
*'''UBC16''' conjugates ubiquitin to its N-terminus and to that of the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO<ref>PMID:23560854</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC D2,D3,Q1''' functions in the ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor p53<ref>PMID:25987028</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC G2''' functions in identification and degradation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.<br />
*'''UBC H''' acts on histones and cytoskeletal proteins<ref>PMID:19922136</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC K,R1''' preferentially catalyses the formation of ubiquitin chain links to proteasome-bound proteins to Lys48<ref>PMID:26592444</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC S''' preferentially catalyses the formation of ubiquitin chain links of Lys11 to histones <ref>PMID:28525740</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC T''' acts in the Fanconi anemia pathway which is required for the efficient repair of damaged DNA<ref>PMID:16916645</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC Z''' is required for FAT10 conjugation (post-translational modification analogous to ubiquitination)<ref>PMID:26555268</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC Hip-2''' mediates amyloid-β neurotoxicity<ref>PMID:14527403</ref>.<br />
*'''UBC Uev-1''' is a variant of UBC which lacks its enzymatic activity<ref>PMID:9418904</ref>.<br />
 
==Disease==
 
UBC13 is required for metastatic spread and lung colonizationin breast cancer<ref>PMID:25189770</ref>.<br />


== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
The active site of Ubc contains a cysteine residue. The ubiquitin surface which interacts with Ubc contains a K11-linkage formation<ref>PMID:21396940</ref>.
The active site of Ubc contains a cysteine residue. The <scene name='55/551219/Cv/4'>ubiquitin surface which interacts with Ubc</scene><ref>PMID:21396940</ref>.
==[[3D structures of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme]]==
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>


== 3D Structures of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme ==
Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme
**[[2aak]] – AtUbc – ''Arabidopsis thaliana''  <BR />
**[[2e2c]] – Ubc – ''Spisula solidissima''  <BR />
**[[1q34]] – CeUbc – ''Caenorhabidis elegans''  <BR />
**[[2qcq]], [[1fzy]] – yUbc – yeast  <BR />
**[[1jas]] – hUbc – human  <BR />
**[[2fo3]] – Ubc – ''Plasmodium vivax''  <BR />
**[[2h2y]] – PfUbc – ''Plasmodium falciparum''  <BR />
**[[1fxt]] – yUbc + ubiquitin  <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 1
**[[1tte]] – yUbc  (mutant) <BR />
**[[2aak]] – AtUbc <BR />
**[[1z3d]] – CeUbc  <BR />
**[[3we5]] – Ubc – poplar mushroom<BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 2
**[[1ayz]] – yUbc  <BR />
**[[1z2u]] – CeUbc  <BR />
**[[4r62]] – yUbc + ubiquitin carboxyl extension protein 80 <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 4
**[[1qcq]] – yUbc  <BR />
**[[4ii2]] – Ubc  (mutant) + E1 + ATP – fission yeast<BR />
**[[5aie]] – yUbc + NOT4 RING domain  <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 5
**[[2esk]], [[2clw]], [[3l1y]], [[3tgd]], [[2c4p]], [[1x23]] – hUbc  <BR />
**[[2eso]], [[2esp]], [[2esq]] – hUbc (mutant)<BR />
**[[1w4u]] – hUbc - NMR<BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 5 complexes
**[[1ur6]] – hUbc + Cnot4 - NMR<BR />
**[[3eb6]] – Ubc + baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein- frog<BR />
**[[4auq]] – hUbc (mutant) + baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein + ubiquitin<BR />
**[[3ptf]], [[4ddg]], [[4ddi]] – hUbc + ubiquitin<BR />
**[[2fuh]] – hUbc + ubiquitin - NMR<BR />
**[[3a33]], [[3ugb]] – hUbc (mutant) + ubiquitin<BR />
**[[3jvz]], [[3jw0]] – hUbc (mutant) + E3 NEDD4-2 + ubiquitin<BR />
**[[4ap4]] – hUbc + E3 Rnf4 + ubiquitin<BR />
**[[3oj4]] – hUbc + tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 + ubiquitin<BR />
**[[4a49]] – hUbc + E3 Cbl <BR />
**[[4a4b]], [[4a4c]] – hUbc + E3 Cbl + ZAP-70 peptide<BR />
**[[3l1z]] – hUbc + ubiquitin conjugating factor<BR />
**[[3rpg]] – hUbc + E3 Ring2 + polycomb complex protein Bmi-1 <BR />
**[[3zni]] – hUbc + ubiquitin + + E3 Cbl + ZAP-70 peptide <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 6
**[[4jjq]] – hUbc + ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 7 or Ubc L3
**[[2ucz]] – yUbc  <BR />
**[[2awf]], [[2cyx]] – hUbc  <BR />
**[[1c4z]] – hUbc + E3 HECT domain <BR />
**[[1fbv]] – hUbc + E3 Cbl + ZAP-70 peptide<BR />
**[[4jqu]] – hUbc + U7BR  <BR />
**[[3sqv]] – hUbc + secreted effector protein <BR />
**[[3sy2]] – hUbc + E3 Sopa <BR />
**[[4q5e]], [[4q5h]] – hUbc (mutant) + ubiquitin + OspG<BR />
**[[5hpt]] – hUbc + ubiquitin + NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein<BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 8
**[[1y6l]], [[1wzw]], [[1wzv]] – hUbc  <BR />
**[[2kjh]] – hUbc + ubiquitin <BR />
**[[4x57]] – AtUbc + membrane-anchord ubiquitin-fold protein <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9 see [[SUMO conjugating enzyme Ubc9]]
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 10 or Ubc C
**[[1i7k]] – hUbc (mutant)  <BR />
**[[4yii]] – hUbc + anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2<BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 12 (NEDD8 conjugating enzyme; Ubc F)
**[[3o2u]] – yUbc <BR />
**[[1tt5]] – hUbc + E1 Uba3, APPBP1 subunits  <BR />
**[[1y8x]] – hUbc + E1 NEDD8 <BR />
**[[2nvu]] – hUbc + E1 NEDD8 + NEDD8<BR />
**[[3fn1]] – hUbc + E1 NEDD8-activating enzyme <BR />
**[[3tdu]] – hUbc + cullin-1 + Dcn1-like protein <BR />
**[[4gao]] – hUbc + Dcn1-like protein <BR />
**[[3tdi]] – hUbc + defective in cullin neddylation protein <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 13 or Ubc N
**[[1jbb]] – yUbc  <BR />
**[[1jat]] – yUbc/Mms2  <BR />
**[[1j74]] – hMms2  <BR />
**[[1j7d]] – hUbc/Mms2  <BR />
**[[4onl]], [[4onm]], [[4onn]] – hUbc + Mms2 (mutant) <BR />
**[[4nr3]], [[4nrg]], [[4nri]] – hUbc (mutant) + Mms2 <BR />
**[[4fh1]] – hUbc (mutant) <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 13 complexes
**[[2c2v]] – hUbc + CHIP + Uev1a  <BR />
**[[3hct]], [[3hcu]] – hUbc + TNF receptor associated factor 6  <BR />
**[[4dhi]] – CeUbc + OTUB1  <BR />
**[[4dhi]], [[4dhz]] – hUbc + OTUB1 + ubiquitin + ubiquitin aldehyde <BR />
**[[4orh]] – hUbc/Mms2 + E3 Rnf8 <BR />
**[[3von]] – hUbc/Mms2 + OTUB1 <BR />
**[[1zgu]] – hMms2 + ubiquitin - NMR <BR />
**[[5eya]] – hUbc + ubiquitin  + TRIM25 ring domain<BR />
**[[4tkp]] – hUbc  + TRIM5 ring domain<BR />
**[[2gmi]] – hUbc/Mms2 (mutant) + ubiquitin <BR />
**[[4dhj]] – hUbc  + ubiquitin + OTUB1<BR />
**[[4whv]] – hUbc + ubiquitin + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8<BR />
**[[5ait]], [[5aiu]] – hUbc + ubiquitin + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF4<BR />
**[[4orh]] – hUbc/Mms2 + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RN8<BR />
**[[4ip3]], [[3w31]] – hUbc + Orf169b <BR />
**[[2oxq]] – Ubc + CHIP U-box - zebrafish<BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 16 or Ubc W
**[[2mt6]] – hUbc - NMR <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme B
**[[2yb6]] – hUbc<br />
**[[2y4w]] – hUbc - NMR <BR />
**[[2ybf]] – hUbc + Rad18<br />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme D
**[[2yho]] – hUbc D1 + E3 Mylip <BR />
**[[5fer]] – hUbc D1 + ubiquitin carboxyl extension protein 80 + TRIM25 ring <BR />
**[[4qpl]] – hUbc D1 + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF146<BR />
**[[4ldt]] – hUbc D2 + OTUB1 + ubiquitin <BR />
**[[5d1k]], [[5d1l]], [[5d1m]] – hUbc D2 + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF25<BR />
**[[5edv]] – hUbc D2 + ubiquitin + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF31<BR />
**[[4v3k]], [[4v3l]] – hUbc D2 + ubiquitin + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF38<BR />
**[[5d0k]], [[5d0m]] – hUbc D2 + ubiquitin + RING finger protein 165<BR />
**[[4wz3]] – hUbc D2 + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LubX<BR />
**[[5egg]] – hUbc D3  <BR />
**[[5ifr]] – hUbc D3 + ubiquitin  <BR />
**[[4s3o]] – hUbc D3 + polycomb group ring finger protein + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2<BR />
**[[4bvu]] – hUbc D3 + OspG + ubiquitin <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E1
**[[3bzh]] – hUbc  <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme G2
**[[3fsh]] – hUbc + autocrine motility factor receptor <BR />
**[[2kly]] – hUbc - NMR<BR />
**[[2lxp]] – hUbc + AMFR peptide - NMR<BR />
**[[3h8k]], [[4lad]] – hUbc + AMFR peptide <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme H
**[[2z5d]] – hUbc  <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme J2
**[[2f4w]] – hUbc  <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme K
**[[5dfl]] – hUbc + ubiquitin <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Q
**[[2qgx]] – hUbc  <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme R1
**[[3rz3]] – hUbc + inhibitor <BR />
**[[4mdk]] – hUbc + ubiquitin + inhibitor <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme S
**[[1zdn]] – hUbc  <BR />
**[[5bnb]] – hUbc + ubiquitin <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme T
**[[4ccg]] – hUbc  + E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Fancl<BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Uev-1
**[[2a4d]] – hUbc catalytic domain <BR />
**[[2hlw]] – hUbc catalytic domain - NMR<BR />
**[[3e95]] – PfUbc + ubiquitin carrier protein <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Z
**[[5a4p]] – hUbc <BR />
*Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2-25KDa (Huntington interacting protein 2 HIP-2)
**[[1yla]], [[2bep]] – hHIP-2  <BR />
**[[3e46]] – hHIP-2 (mutant)  <BR />
**[[2bf8]] – hHIP-2 + SUMO  <BR />
**[[2o25]] – hHIP-2 + Ubc9  <BR />
**[[3f92]] – hHIP-2/azorectase (mutant)  <BR />
**[[3k9o]], [[3k9p]] – hHIP-2 + ubiquitin  <BR />
}}
==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, David A Taves
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