Antithrombin: Difference between revisions

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky

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-{{STRUCTURE_1tb6|  PDB=1tb6  | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Antithrombin (beige) complex with thrombin heavy chain (pink), light chain (green) and heparin polysaccharide, [[1tb6]] }}
+<StructureSection load='3evj' size='350' side='right' caption='Glycosylated human antithrombin III complex with heparin (in green) (PDB code [[3evj]])' scene='46/466527/Cv/1'>
-'''Antithrombin''' (AT) inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation cycle.  α-AT contains 4 occupied glycosylation sites and is found in blood palsma. β-AT contains only 3 occupied glycosylation sites.  AT-I refers to the absorption of thrombin to fibrin; AT-II and heparin interfere with the interaction of thrombin and fibrinogen; AT-III inactivates thrombin in plasma; AT-IV becomes activated during blood coagulation.
+== Function ==
-{{TOC limit|limit=2}}
+'''Antithrombin''' (AT) inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation cycle. AT is relatively inactive until it binds the heparan sidechains of the microvasculature.<ref>PMID:15311269</ref><br />
+▪	'''α-AT''' contains 4 occupied glycosylation sites and is found in blood palsma.<br />
+▪	'''β-AT''' contains only 3 occupied glycosylation sites.<br />
+▪	'''AT-I''' refers to the absorption of thrombin to fibrin.<br />
+▪	'''AT-II''' and heparin interfere with the interaction of thrombin and fibrinogen.<br />
+▪	'''AT-III''' inactivates thrombin in plasma.  For details see [[Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-7|Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-7 - Antithrombin III: Devourer of Memories]].<br />
+▪	'''AT-IV''' becomes activated during blood coagulation.<br />
+See details for the antithrombin pentasaccharide complex in [[Molecular Playground/Antithrombin-Heparin]].
-==3D structures of antithrombin==
+== Disease ==
-''Updated January 2013''
+AT deficiency diseases are: Acquired AT deficiency and Inherited AT deficiency. AT deficiency is involved in thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
-[[1att]] – AT-III – bovine
+== Relevance ==
+AT activity is enhanced upon <scene name='46/466527/Cv/4'>binding to the anticoagulant drug heparin</scene>.
-[[1ant]], [[2ant]] – hAT – human
+==Structural highlights==
-[[1e05]] - hα-AT-III
+The binding of AT to the heparans or the heparin drug is to a core pentasaccharide. The binding induces conformational change of AT.
-[[1e04]] – hβ-AT-III
+==3D structures of antithrombin==
+[[Antithrombin 3D structures]]
-[[1ath]], [[2znh]], [[4eb1]] – hAT-III
-[[1dzg]], [[1oyh]], [[1t1f]], [[2beh]], [[2b4x]], [[2hij]] - hAT-III (mutant)
-===Antithrombin binary complexes===
-[[1azx]], [[1nq9]], [[3evj]] – hAT + heparin pentasaccharide
-[[1e03]] – hα-AT-III + heparin pentasaccharide
-[[1dzh]] - hAT-III (mutant) + fluorescein
-[[2gd4]] - hAT-III (mutant) + coagulation factor X
-[[1br8]], [[1jvq]], [[1lk6]], [[1r1l]] – hAT-III + peptide
-===Antithrombin ternary complexes===
-[[1sr5]] - hAT-III + prothrombin + heparin heptasaccharide
-[[1tb6]] - hAT-III (mutant) + thrombin + heparin polysaccharide
-[[2b5t]] - AT-III (mutant) + thrombin (mutant) + heparin polysaccharide
-[[3kcg]] - hAT-III (mutant) + coagulation factor IXa + heparin pentasaccharide
+</StructureSection>
+== References ==
+<references/>
 [[Category:Topic Page]]