Cholera toxin: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load=' | <StructureSection load='1xtc' size='400' side='right' scene='43/430104/Cv/2' caption='Cholera toxin composed of A1 (grey), A2 (pink) subunit and a pentamer of B subunits (rust, cyan, gold, yellow, purple). [[1xtc]]'> | ||
[[Cholera toxin]] (CTX), secreted by bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae Vibrio Cholerae],is an oligomeric complex of enzymatic A and pentameric B subunits, which bind to the cell surface. CTX is the main cause of the diarrhea symptoms of cholera infection. | [[Cholera toxin]] (CTX), secreted by bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae Vibrio Cholerae],is an oligomeric complex of enzymatic A and pentameric B subunits, which bind to the cell surface. CTX is the main cause of the diarrhea symptoms of cholera infection. | ||
== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
[[Image:CTX interaction.PNG|left|270px|thumb| Interaction of 7 chains of Cholera toxin [[1xtc]]. Cholera toxin contains 7 chains: A,C,D,E,F,G and H.Chains A and C belong to subunit A. Chains | [[Image:CTX interaction.PNG|left|270px|thumb| Interaction of 7 chains of Cholera toxin [[1xtc]]. Cholera toxin contains 7 chains: A,C,D,E,F,G and H.Chains A and C belong to subunit A. Chains D,E,F,G and H belong to subunit B]] | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
Cholera toxin(CTX) has two types of subunits: subunit A and subunit B. A subunit contains A1 domain, which includes the enzymatic active site, and A2 domain, which has a α–helix tail. The B subunit contains five chains that form a pentameric ring around the central pore in structure; Subunit A and subunit B are assembled by the α–helix tail of A2 domain, which inserts into the central pore. CTX is the main virulence factor of the pathogen ''Vibrio cholerae'' and cause the major symptom of infection: extreme diarrhea, vomiting, cramps and even death <ref>Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 375. ISBN 0838585299.</ref>,<ref>Faruque SM; Nair GB (editors). (2008). Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-33-2.</ref>,<ref>Jennifer McDowall, Cholera Toxin, EMBL-EMI, Interpro</ref>. | Cholera toxin (CTX) has two types of subunits: subunit A and subunit B. <scene name='43/430104/Cv/3'>A subunit</scene> contains A1 domain, which includes the enzymatic active site, and A2 domain, which has a α–helix tail. The <scene name='43/430104/Cv/4'>B subunit</scene> contains <scene name='43/430104/Cv/5'>five chains that form a pentameric ring around the central pore</scene> in structure; Subunit A and subunit B are assembled by the α–helix tail of A2 domain, which inserts into the central pore. CTX is the main virulence factor of the pathogen ''Vibrio cholerae'' and cause the major symptom of infection: extreme diarrhea, vomiting, cramps and even death <ref>Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 375. ISBN 0838585299.</ref>,<ref>Faruque SM; Nair GB (editors). (2008). Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-33-2.</ref>,<ref>Jennifer McDowall, Cholera Toxin, EMBL-EMI, Interpro</ref>. | ||
The enzymatic subunit has a globular domain (CTA1) and a long helical domain (CTA2). Once the CTX binds to the cell surface, it is internalized, and its CTA1 domain binds to ADP-ribosylation factor 6(Arf6)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADP_ribosylation_factor], enabling its catalytic activity. | The enzymatic subunit has a globular domain (CTA1) and a long helical domain (CTA2). Once the CTX binds to the cell surface, it is internalized, and its CTA1 domain binds to ADP-ribosylation factor 6(Arf6)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADP_ribosylation_factor], enabling its catalytic activity. | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
== mRNA Structure == | == mRNA Structure == | ||
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6. Vibrio cholera O1 str. 2010EL-1786 chromosome 1, complete | 6. Vibrio cholera O1 str. 2010EL-1786 chromosome 1, complete | ||
[[Image:TREE - MAXIMUM LIKEHOOD.PNG|left|430px|thumb|Phylogenetic Tree of MSA of CTX, Statistic Method:Maximum Likelihood, made by MEGA 5.05]] | [[Image:TREE - MAXIMUM LIKEHOOD.PNG|left|430px|thumb|Phylogenetic Tree of MSA of CTX, Statistic Method:Maximum Likelihood, made by MEGA 5.05]] | ||
== 3D Structures of Cholera toxin == | |||
[[Cholera toxin 3D structures]] | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
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PubMed[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7658473?dopt=Abstract] | PubMed[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7658473?dopt=Abstract] | ||
== See also [[Toxins]] == | == See also [[Toxins]] == | ||