Cocaethylene Synthesis and Pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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===='''Human Carboxylesterase 1'''==== | ===='''Human Carboxylesterase 1'''==== | ||
<StructureSection load='1mx5' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of glycosylated human liver caroxyethylesterase I complex with cocaine analog and Cl- ions (green) (PDB entry [[1mx5]])' scene=''> | |||
hCE1 is a promiscuous drug metabolizing enzyme which is encoded by the CES1 gene and is expressed in the liver, small intestine, kidney, lung, testes, heart, monocytes, macrophages, and blood. hCE1 promiscuity allows for processing of such compounds as lovastatin, lidocaine, heroin, a number of military grade chemical gases, and cocaine. In the human body, hCE1 converts cocaine into benzyolecgonine and methanol by hydrolyzing the methyl ester linkage. In the presence of alcohol, however, hCE1 catalyzes a transesterification of the methyl and ethyl ester linkages to form cocaethylene. | hCE1 is a promiscuous drug metabolizing enzyme which is encoded by the CES1 gene and is expressed in the liver, small intestine, kidney, lung, testes, heart, monocytes, macrophages, and blood. hCE1 promiscuity allows for processing of such compounds as lovastatin, lidocaine, heroin, a number of military grade chemical gases, and cocaine. In the human body, hCE1 converts cocaine into benzyolecgonine and methanol by hydrolyzing the methyl ester linkage. In the presence of alcohol, however, hCE1 catalyzes a transesterification of the methyl and ethyl ester linkages to form cocaethylene. | ||