Emily Ellis/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (23 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Two 3D printed objects and a box== | |||
<qt>file=Image:salbutamol.mp4|autoplay=false|width=600|height=460|controller=true|loop=false</qt> | |||
==A drug and its mirror image== | ==A drug and its mirror image== | ||
Are the molecules shown on the left below and on the right identical, or are they different from each other? You can rotate the molecule on the right with your mouse to match the molecule on the left. | |||
<StructureSection size='340' side='right' scene='61/611451/ | <StructureSection size='340' side='right' scene='61/611451/Mirror_image/2'> | ||
[[Image:Salbutamol.gif]] | |||
<scene name='61/611451/ | It turns out that some molecules, such as the drug salbutamol we are using as an example here, are different from their mirror image. The left image shows the actual drug, while the browser on the right shows its mirror image. If you click on the <scene name='61/611451/Salbutamol/5'>green link</scene>, we'll show the actual drug in the browser as well, and you can rotate it with the mouse to show how they match. | ||
So far we focused on the shape of the molecule. To fully understand how salbutamol binds, we should show you what atoms it is made of. If you click on the "Show the atoms" link below, carbon atoms will appear in gray, oxygen atoms in red, and nitrogen atoms in blue. The molecule also contains hydrogen atoms, but these are much smaller and are not shown. | |||
<jmol> | <jmol> | ||
<jmolLink> | <jmolLink> | ||
<script> | <script> select 601:B; color CPK; spacefill 23%; var a = [300,250,200,170,140,120,100]; for(var i IN a) {wireframe @i; delay 0.4;} | ||
</script> | </script> | ||
<text> | <text>Show the atoms </text> | ||
</jmolLink> | </jmolLink> | ||
</jmol> | </jmol> | ||
<jmol> | |||
'''What about the box?''' | |||
[[Image:SalbutamolBox.jpg|200px]] | |||
When salbutamol acts in the body, it does so by binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. Receptors help to communicate between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell, much like a window or a door bell helps people in a house learn about what is going on outside. The receptor salbutamol binds to is a protein called the <scene name='61/611451/Adrenergic_receptor/6'>adrenergic receptor</scene>. | |||
It's a big molecule, and salbutamol is difficult to see because it is surrounded by the receptor, especially if we show <scene name='61/611451/Adrenergic_receptor/7'>all the atoms</scene>. Use the links below to "shave away" parts of the molecule for a better look inside | |||
*<jmol> | |||
<jmolLink> | <jmolLink> | ||
<script> slab on; depth 40; var a = [ | <script> slab on; depth 40; var a = [80,70,60,55,53,52]; for(var i IN a) {slab @i; delay 0.4;} | ||
</script> | </script> | ||
<text> | <text>Shave away</text> | ||
</jmolLink> | </jmolLink> | ||
</jmol> | </jmol> | ||
*<jmol> | |||
<jmolLink> | |||
<script> slab on; depth 40; var a = [53,55,60,70,80,100]; for(var i IN a) {slab @i; delay 0.4;} | |||
</script> | |||
<text>Put everything back</text> | |||
</jmolLink> | |||
</jmol> | |||
The next scene shows salbutamol in red, and those parts of the receptor that surround it, called its binding site, in blue. Compare the blue parts to the box in the movie. It helps to use the "shave away" buttons above, and to rotate the view so it matches the view of the molecule in the movie. | |||
<scene name='61/611451/ | With all those blue atoms, it becomes difficult to see the salbutamol. For the 3D printed model, we shaved away the binding site (blue box), but kept the entire salbutamol, so it sticks out of the box. In the browser, we can switch the receptor atoms to a smaller radius, connecting the atoms that are bonded, to give a better view of the <scene name='61/611451/Adrenergic_receptor/5'>binding site</scene>. Again, you can use the "shave away" buttons to help seeing the red molecule inside the blue binding site. | ||
< | </StructureSection> | ||
==Medical Uses== | |||
The drug Salbutamol is an asthma drug used to treat chronic bronchitis, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), and exercise-induced asthma. It is also known as Albuterol, Levalbuterol, and Proventil. It is generally an oral inhaler that is used for prevention and treatment of the symptoms that accompany the conditions mentioned before. | |||
The drug itself is a racemic mixture, or combination of both the S-isomer (the mirror image) and the R-isomer (the drug). The R-isomer is 150 times more likely to bond with the beta2-adrenergic receptor than the S-isomer, but it is much less expensive for the drug companies to produce both isomers when creating the drugs. The beta2-adrenergic receptors (usually pulmonary) are 29 times more receptive to the Salbutamol than the beta1-adrenergic receptors, which are usually found in the heart. | |||
Some common brand names for the drug are: Aerolin, ProAir, and Ventolin. | |||
<br> | |||
Latest revision as of 15:27, 24 February 2018
Two 3D printed objects and a boxTwo 3D printed objects and a box
A drug and its mirror imageA drug and its mirror image
Are the molecules shown on the left below and on the right identical, or are they different from each other? You can rotate the molecule on the right with your mouse to match the molecule on the left.
It turns out that some molecules, such as the drug salbutamol we are using as an example here, are different from their mirror image. The left image shows the actual drug, while the browser on the right shows its mirror image. If you click on the , we'll show the actual drug in the browser as well, and you can rotate it with the mouse to show how they match. So far we focused on the shape of the molecule. To fully understand how salbutamol binds, we should show you what atoms it is made of. If you click on the "Show the atoms" link below, carbon atoms will appear in gray, oxygen atoms in red, and nitrogen atoms in blue. The molecule also contains hydrogen atoms, but these are much smaller and are not shown.
What about the box?
When salbutamol acts in the body, it does so by binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. Receptors help to communicate between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell, much like a window or a door bell helps people in a house learn about what is going on outside. The receptor salbutamol binds to is a protein called the . It's a big molecule, and salbutamol is difficult to see because it is surrounded by the receptor, especially if we show . Use the links below to "shave away" parts of the molecule for a better look inside The next scene shows salbutamol in red, and those parts of the receptor that surround it, called its binding site, in blue. Compare the blue parts to the box in the movie. It helps to use the "shave away" buttons above, and to rotate the view so it matches the view of the molecule in the movie. With all those blue atoms, it becomes difficult to see the salbutamol. For the 3D printed model, we shaved away the binding site (blue box), but kept the entire salbutamol, so it sticks out of the box. In the browser, we can switch the receptor atoms to a smaller radius, connecting the atoms that are bonded, to give a better view of the . Again, you can use the "shave away" buttons to help seeing the red molecule inside the blue binding site.
|
| ||||||||||
Medical UsesMedical Uses
The drug Salbutamol is an asthma drug used to treat chronic bronchitis, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), and exercise-induced asthma. It is also known as Albuterol, Levalbuterol, and Proventil. It is generally an oral inhaler that is used for prevention and treatment of the symptoms that accompany the conditions mentioned before.
The drug itself is a racemic mixture, or combination of both the S-isomer (the mirror image) and the R-isomer (the drug). The R-isomer is 150 times more likely to bond with the beta2-adrenergic receptor than the S-isomer, but it is much less expensive for the drug companies to produce both isomers when creating the drugs. The beta2-adrenergic receptors (usually pulmonary) are 29 times more receptive to the Salbutamol than the beta1-adrenergic receptors, which are usually found in the heart.
Some common brand names for the drug are: Aerolin, ProAir, and Ventolin.