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Michal Harel

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+<StructureSection load="1rta" size="400" color=""  spin="on" Scene=  caption='Ribonuclease A (magenta) complex with thymidilic acid DNA tetramer (pink), [[1rta]]' >
+'''Ribonuclease''' (RNase) degrades RNA.  The endonucleases cleave single or double stranded RNA and include RNase III, A, T1 H and P.  Exo-RNases remove terminal nucleotide from the ends of the RNA molecule.  They include RNase II D, T, PH, Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) and oligoribonuclease (ORNase). <br />
+*  '''RNase A''' cleaves C or U of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).<br />
+*  '''RNase BA''' is RNase from ''Bacillus amyloliquefaciens''.<br />
+*  '''RNase D''' degrades 3'-end pre-tRNA.<br />
+*  '''RNase H''' cleaves RNA/DNA double-strand to produce ssDNA.<br />
+*  '''RNase I''' cleaves 3'-end of ssRNA.<br />
+*  '''RNase II''' degrades 3'-end ssRNA.<br />
+*  '''RNase III''' cleaves rRNA.<br />
+*  '''RNase 5''' is known as angiogenin and is a potent stimulator of new blood vessels formation.<br />
+*  '''RNase P''' is a ribozyme.<br />
+*  '''RNase S''' is RNase A cleaved by subtilisin.<br />
+*  '''RNase SA''' is RNase from ''Streptomyces auerofaciens''.<br />
+*  '''RNase T''' is involved in RNA maturation.<br />
+*  '''RNase T1''' cleaves 3'-end G from ssRNA.<br />
+*  '''RNase U2''' cleaves 3'-end A from ssRNA.<br />
+*  '''α-sarcin''' is a cytotoxic RNase which cleaves a phosphodiester bond in a conserved rRNA loop and inactivates the ribosome.<br />
+*  '''oligoribonuclease''' is an exoribonuclease which cleaves 3'-end of viral RNA-DNA hybrid.<br />
+*  '''Polynucleotide phosphorylase''' is a bifunctional enzyme which has exoribonuclease activity.<br />
+*  '''Binase''' is a microbial RNase which cleaves endonucleolyticly ssRNA.<br />
+*  '''Poly(A)-specific RNase''' cleaves exonucleolyticly the poly(A) tail.<br />
+For more details on RNase A see:<br />
+<br />
+*[[RNase A]] <br />
+*[[Ribonuclease A Catalysis]]<br />
+*[[RNase A Oligomers]]<br />
+*[[RNase A NMR]]<br />
+*[[User:R. Jeremy Johnson/RNaseA]]<br />
+*[[RNaseA Nobel Prizes]].<br />
+For RNase B and RNase S see [[RNaseS RNaseB]].
+{{Clear}}
+==Active Site of Ribonuclease A==
+Ribonuclease A cleaves RNA strands by catalyzing a transphosphorylation reaction where the 2'-OH of the ribose sugar attacks the neighboring phosphate, releasing the ribose on the the other side of the phosphate. This structure shows ribonuclease A (in blue) bound to short DNA strand composed of four thymidines (in pink). Ribonuclease binds tightly to DNA, but since DNA is missing the 2'-OH, ribonuclease does not cleave it. <scene name='Goodsell_Sandbox/Ribonuclease_catalytic_site/2'>Three amino acids</scene> are shown that are important for catalysis. The 3' carbon on the DNA is shown in red--it is the site where the 2'-OH is connected in RNA. The two histidines perform the proton transfers that are needed in the reaction, and the lysine stabilizes the intermediate that is formed as the 2'-OH attacks the phosphate. Ribonuclease cleaves RNA strands best next to cytidine and uridine nucleotides--the reason for this may be seen in a <scene name='Goodsell_Sandbox/Ribonuclease_recognition/2'>spacefilling representation</scene>. Notice that the small pyrimidine base is surrounded by protein atoms. A larger purine base would not fit well in this space.<ref>PMID:1429575</ref>
+{{Clear}}
 ==Your Heading Here (maybe something like 'Structure')==
 <StructureSection load='1stp' size='340' side='right' caption='Caption for this structure' scene=''>
@@ Line 346: / Line 383: @@
 **[[2a1r]], [[3ctr]] - hParn + nucleotide<br />
-*Rnase pop2
+*RNase pop2
 **[[4b8a]] - yRNase pop2 + cell division cycle protein 39<br />
 **[[4b8c]] - yRNase pop2 + cell division cycle protein 39 + CCR4<br />
-*Other Rnases
+*Other RNases
 **[[2zpo]] - RNase - ''Chelonia mydas''<br />