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[[Image:ubc9.gif|250px|left]]
[[Image:ubc9.gif|250px|left]]
==Background==
==Background==
Ubc9, PDB file: [[1U9A]] an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, participates not in the ubiquitinylation pathway but in the sumoylation pathway.  This pathway links a SUMO molecule to a targeted protein.<ref name="Filip">PMID:14739995</ref>
Ubc9, PDB file: [[1u9a]] an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, participates not in the ubiquitinylation pathway but in the sumoylation pathway.  This pathway links a SUMO molecule to a targeted protein.<ref name="Filip">PMID:14739995</ref>


Ubc9’s conjugation with [[SUMO]] and not [[ubiquitin]] results in the targeted protein being tagged not for degradation, but to modify the protein for use in regulation, enhancing protein activity, and/or cell cycle functions.<ref name="Muller">PMID:11265250</ref><ref name="Victor">PMID:11853669</ref>
Ubc9’s conjugation with [[SUMO]] and not [[ubiquitin]] results in the targeted protein being tagged not for degradation, but to modify the protein for use in regulation, enhancing protein activity, and/or cell cycle functions.<ref name="Muller">PMID:11265250</ref><ref name="Victor">PMID:11853669</ref>


Ubc9 is one of the 35 known mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. These Ubcs bind to ubiquitin or ubiquitin –like proteins.<ref name="Sjored">PMID:19940261</ref>  
Ubc9 is one of the 35 known mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. These Ubcs bind to ubiquitin or ubiquitin –like proteins.<ref name="Sjored">PMID:19940261</ref>


==Structure==
==Structure==

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OCA, Robert B. Rose, Tania Bembridge