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<applet size='300' frame='false' scene='Avian_Influenza_Neuraminidase,_Tamiflu_and_Relenza/2hu4_tetramer/3' />
<applet size='300' frame='false' scene='User:Wayne_Decatur/SandboxRibosome/Bothmodels6black/1' />
<center><sub>·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboLSU}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboSSU}} ··
·· {{Link Toggle 70SribotRNAs}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SribomRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriborRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboProtein}} ··<br>
·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboAsitetRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboPsitetRNA}} ·· {{Link Toggle 70SriboEsitetRNA}} ··
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<div style="font-size:130%; line-height:2.0em"><span style="color:green" align="center">Green</span> links change the 3D image!
<div style="font-size:130%; line-height:2.0em"><span style="color:green" align="center">Green</span> links change the 3D image!
&nbsp; Click and drag on the molecule!</div>
&nbsp; Click and drag on the molecule!</div>
<div style="font-size:200%; line-height:2.0em">[[Avian_Influenza_Neuraminidase%2C_Tamiflu_and_Relenza|Swine Flu, Neuraminidase & Tamiflu]]</div>
<div style="font-size:200%; line-height:2.0em">[[Ribosome|The Ribosome]]</div>by [[User:Wayne_Decatur|Wayne Decatur]]
[[Avian_Influenza_Neuraminidase%2C_Tamiflu_and_Relenza#Influenza Virus Neuraminidase|H5N1]] bird flu has seemed a likely pandemic threat for decades, but the first new influenza virus to emerge as an imminent pandemic threat in the 21<sup>st</sup> century is [[Avian_Influenza_Neuraminidase%2C_Tamiflu_and_Relenza#Influenza Virus Neuraminidase|H1N1]] swine flu.  
On October 7th, 2009 the Nobel Committee announced three structural biologists would share [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry] for studies of the [[Ribosome|The Ribosome]]. The ribosome is the machine in your cells that accurately and efficiently decodes the genetic information stored in your genome and synthesizes the corresponding polypeptide chain one amino acid at a time in the process of translation. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan of the M.R.C. Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England; Thomas A. Steitz of Yale University; and Ada E. Yonath of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel share the prize for the first atomic-resolution structures of the two subunits that come together to form an active ribosome. These structures are considered landmarks for the fact they showed clearly the major contributions to decoding and peptide bond synthesis come from RNA and not protein, as well as for the sheer size of the structures determined. These structures represent tour-de-force efforts in understanding fundamental processes in every organism on earth and will have direct impacts on how we fight pathogenic bacteria in the immediate future. Shown <scene name='User:Wayne_Decatur/SandboxRibosome/Bothmodels6black/1'>here (restore initial scene)</scene> are both subunits of the ribosome, as well as <scene name='User:Wayne_Decatur/SandboxRibosome/Trnamrnablack/1'>mRNA and tRNA</scene> that bind in the complex during the process of translation. [[Ribosome|Read more...]].
The drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu&reg;) inhibits flu neuraminidase, a component necessary for virus spread, in susceptible flu strains. Luckily H1N1 swine flu is susceptible (at least in early May, 2009).
 
The development of oseltamivir was guided, in part, by crystallographically determined structures of flu neuraminidase. Neuraminidase is a homotetramer, shown with oseltamivir bound (<scene name='Avian_Influenza_Neuraminidase,_Tamiflu_and_Relenza/2hu4_tetramer/3'>restore initial scene</scene>). Here is <scene name='User:Eric_Martz/Sandbox_0/2hu4_tetramer/1'>one catalytic site</scene>. Oseltamivir was designed to fit [[Avian_Influenza_Neuraminidase%2C_Tamiflu_and_Relenza#Influenza Virus Neuraminidase|N2/N9]] (neuraminidases from other strains of flu). Serendipitously, it also fits N1, doing so by <scene name='<scene name='User:Eric_Martz/Sandbox_0/Morph_2hty_to_2hu4/4'>pulling one side of the binding site against itself</scene> ([[Induced fit|induced fit]]). The most common mutation in N1 that confers resistance to oseltamivir is H274Y. The mutant tyrosine prevents oseltamivir from fitting, but still allows <scene name='User:Eric_Martz/Sandbox_6/3ckz_relenza_tyr274/2'>zanamivir (Relenza) to bind</scene>. [[Avian_Influenza_Neuraminidase%2C_Tamiflu_and_Relenza|Read more...]].
 
<div align="right">[[Proteopedia:Featured article archives|Earlier featured articles...]]</div>
<div align="right">[[Avian Influenza Neuraminidase, Tamiflu and Relenza |H1N1 Flu, Tamiflu & Neuraminidase]] were featured here earlier. See [[Proteopedia:Featured article archives|all previously featured articles...]]</div>
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