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==Minor polymorph in alpha-synuclein fibril seeded by cerebrospinal fluid from a mid-to-late stage (mid-PD-4) Parkinson's disease patient==
<StructureSection load='7xo2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7xo2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7xo2]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7XO2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7XO2 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7xo2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7xo2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7xo2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7xo2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7xo2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7xo2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_HUMAN SYUA_HUMAN] Note=Genetic alterations of SNCA resulting in aberrant polymerization into fibrils, are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). SNCA fibrillar aggregates represent the major non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque, and a major component of Lewy body inclusions. They are also found within Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and axonal spheroids in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1.  Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 1 (PARK1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/168601 168601]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features.<ref>PMID:9197268</ref> <ref>PMID:9462735</ref> <ref>PMID:14755719</ref>   Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 4 (PARK4) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/605543 605543]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder with manifestations ranging from typical Parkinson disease to dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical features include parkinsonian symptoms (tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia), dementia, diffuse Lewy body pathology, autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations and paranoia.  Defects in SNCA are the cause of dementia Lewy body (DLB) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/127750 127750]. A neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by mental impairment leading to dementia, parkinsonism, often with fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Brainstem or cortical intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins (Lewy bodies) are the only essential pathologic features. Patients may also have hippocampal and neocortical senile plaques, sometimes in sufficient number to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_HUMAN SYUA_HUMAN] May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn) has been shown to form various conformational fibrils associated with different synucleinopathies. But whether the conformation of alpha-syn fibrils changes during disease progression is unclear. Here, we amplified alpha-syn aggregates from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) staged in preclinical PD (pre-PD), middle- to late-stage PD (mid-PD), and late-stage PD (late-PD). Our results show that alpha-syn fibrils derived from the late-PD patient are most potent in inducing endogenous alpha-syn aggregation in primary neurons, followed by the mid-PD and pre-PD fibrils. By using cryo-electron microscopy, we further determined the high-resolution structures of the CSF-amplified fibrils. The structures exhibit remarkable differences in a minor but significant population of conformational species in different staged samples. Our work demonstrates structural and pathological differences between alpha-syn fibrils derived from PD patients at a spectrum of clinical stages, which suggests potential conformational transition of alpha-syn fibrils during the progression of PD.

Conformational change of alpha-synuclein fibrils in cerebrospinal fluid from different clinical phases of Parkinson's disease.,Fan Y, Sun Y, Yu W, Tao Y, Xia W, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Tang Y, Sun Y, Liu F, Cao Q, Wu J, Liu C, Wang J, Li D Structure. 2023 Jan 5;31(1):78-87.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2022.11.013. Epub 2022 , Dec 12. PMID:36513068<ref>PMID:36513068</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 7xo2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Fan Y]]
[[Category: Liu C]]
[[Category: Sun YP]]
[[Category: Wang J]]