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==Thiophenyl-Pyrazolourea Derivatives as Potent, Brian Penetrant, Orally Bioavailable, and Isoform-Selective JNK3 Inhibitors==
<StructureSection load='7ksk' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7ksk]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.84&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7ksk]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7KSK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7KSK FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.84&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=X3V:4-(4-{[(2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]amino}-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(oxetan-3-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide'>X3V</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7ksk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7ksk OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7ksk PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7ksk RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7ksk PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7ksk ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK10_HUMAN MK10_HUMAN] Defects in MAPK10 are a cause of epileptic encephalopathy Lennox-Gastaut type (EELG) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/606369 606369]. Epileptic encephalopathies of the Lennox-Gastaut group are childhood epileptic disorders characterized by severe psychomotor delay and seizures. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving MAPK10 has been found in a single patient. Translocation t(Y;4)(q11.2;q21) which causes MAPK10 truncation.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK10_HUMAN MK10_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK10/JNK3. In turn, MAPK10/JNK3 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. Plays regulatory roles in the signaling pathways during neuronal apoptosis. Phosphorylates the neuronal microtubule regulator STMN2. Acts in the regulation of the beta-amyloid precursor protein/APP signaling during neuronal differentiation by phosphorylating APP. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons.<ref>PMID:11718727</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Potent JNK3 isoform selective inhibitors were developed from a thiophenyl-pyrazolourea scaffold. Through structure activity relationship (SAR) studies utilizing enzymatic and cell-based assays, and in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) studies, potent and highly selective JNK3 inhibitors with oral bioavailability and brain penetrant capability were developed. Inhibitor 17 was a potent and isoform selective JNK3 inhibitor (IC50 = 35 nM), had significant inhibition to only JNK3 in a panel profiling of 374 wild-type kinases, had high potency in functional cell-based assays, had high stability in human liver microsome (t 1/2 = 66 min) and a clean CYP-450 inhibition profile, and was orally bioavailable and brain penetrant. Moreover, cocrystal structures of compounds 17 and 27 in human JNK3 were solved at 1.84 A, which showed that these JNK3 isoform selective inhibitors bound to the ATP pocket, had interactions in both hydrophobic pocket-I and hydrophobic pocket-II.

Thiophene-Pyrazolourea Derivatives as Potent, Orally Bioavailable, and Isoform-Selective JNK3 Inhibitors.,Feng Y, Park H, Bauer L, Ryu JC, Yoon SO ACS Med Chem Lett. 2020 Dec 13;12(1):24-29. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00533. , eCollection 2021 Jan 14. PMID:33488960<ref>PMID:33488960</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7ksk" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Park H]]