View source for 7ad6


==Crystal structure of human complement C5 in complex with the K92 bovine knob domain peptide.==
<StructureSection load='7ad6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7ad6]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.75&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7ad6]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7AD6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7AD6 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.75&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CYS:CYSTEINE'>CYS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TRS:2-AMINO-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-PROPANE-1,3-DIOL'>TRS</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7ad6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7ad6 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7ad6 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7ad6 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7ad6 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7ad6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CO5_HUMAN CO5_HUMAN] Defects in C5 are the cause of complement component 5 deficiency (C5D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/609536 609536]. A rare defect of the complement classical pathway associated with susceptibility to severe recurrent infections, predominantly by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis.  Note=An association study of C5 haplotypes and genotypes in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection shows that individuals homozygous for the C5_1 haplotype have a significantly higher stage of liver fibrosis than individuals carrying at least 1 other allele (PubMed:15995705).
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CO5_HUMAN CO5_HUMAN] Activation of C5 by a C5 convertase initiates the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the membrane attack complex. C5b has a transient binding site for C6. The C5b-C6 complex is the foundation upon which the lytic complex is assembled.  Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C5, C5 anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. It induces the contraction of smooth muscle, increases vascular permeability and causes histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. C5a also stimulates the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (chemokinesis) and direct their migration toward sites of inflammation (chemotaxis).
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Bovines have evolved a subset of antibodies with ultra-long heavy chain complementarity determining regions that harbour cysteine-rich knob domains. To produce high-affinity peptides, we previously isolated autonomous 3-6 kDa knob domains from bovine antibodies. Here, we show that binding of four knob domain peptides elicits a range of effects on the clinically validated drug target complement C5. Allosteric mechanisms predominated, with one peptide selectively inhibiting C5 cleavage by the alternative pathway C5 convertase, revealing a targetable mechanistic difference between the classical and alternative pathway C5 convertases. Taking a hybrid biophysical approach, we present C5-knob domain co-crystal structures and, by solution methods, observed allosteric effects propagating &gt;50 A from the binding sites. This study expands the therapeutic scope of C5, presents new inhibitors, and introduces knob domains as new, low molecular weight antibody fragments, with therapeutic potential.

The allosteric modulation of complement C5 by knob domain peptides.,Macpherson A, Laabei M, Ahdash Z, Graewert MA, Birtley JR, Schulze ME, Crennell S, Robinson SA, Holmes B, Oleinikovas V, Nilsson PH, Snowden J, Ellis V, Mollnes TE, Deane CM, Svergun D, Lawson AD, van den Elsen JM Elife. 2021 Feb 11;10:e63586. doi: 10.7554/eLife.63586. PMID:33570492<ref>PMID:33570492</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 7ad6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Complement C5 3D structures|Complement C5 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Birtley JR]]
[[Category: Macpherson A]]
[[Category: Schulze ME]]
[[Category: Van den Elsen JMH]]